1989
DOI: 10.1001/archderm.1989.01670190059006
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Mediators of Inflammation in Blister Fluids From Patients With Pemphigus Vulgaris and Bullous Pemphigoid

Abstract: Blister fluids from 39 previously untreated patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and 28 patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP) were tested for the presence of inflammatory mediators. Blister fluids from patients with PV and BP showed interleukin 1 (IL-1)- and interleukin 2 (IL-2)-like activity and contained prostaglandin (PG) E2, F1 alpha, and F2 alpha, thromboxane B2 (TB2), leukotriene (LT) B4 and C4, serine esterases, and proteolysis inhibitors. Pemphigus blister fluid was distinguished by high IL-1-like act… Show more

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Cited by 82 publications
(47 citation statements)
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“…In fact, high levels of histamine, leukotriene B4, IL-1, -2, -5, -6, and TNF-␣ are present in BP blister fluids (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). It is likely that some of these mediators are released from MCs and are involved in the recruitment of neutrophils directly by themselves and indirectly by activating M. Both activation and degranulation of MCs are associated with matrix degradation (47).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…In fact, high levels of histamine, leukotriene B4, IL-1, -2, -5, -6, and TNF-␣ are present in BP blister fluids (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). It is likely that some of these mediators are released from MCs and are involved in the recruitment of neutrophils directly by themselves and indirectly by activating M. Both activation and degranulation of MCs are associated with matrix degradation (47).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Lesional skin in BP patients exhibits several granular proteins derived from leukocytes, such as eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil major basic protein, and neutrophil-derived myeloperoxidase (MPO) (10 -12). Various inflammatory mediators that can activate MCs or leukocytes have been identified in lesional skin and/or blister fluids of BP patients, including C5a, eosinophilic/ neutrophilic chemotactic factors, histamine, leukotrienes, and various cytokines (e.g., IL-1, -2, -5, -6, -8, TNFs, and IFN-␥) (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Several proteinases are also found in BP blister fluid, including plasmin, collagenase, elastase, and 92-kDa gelatinase (21)(22)(23)(24)).…”
Section: B Ullous Pemphigoid (Bp)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…MCs can produce a variety of mediators such as leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor, and cytokines that contribute directly or indirectly to PMN recruitment (30,31). In fact, high levels of histamine, leukotriene B4, IL-1, -2, -5, and -6, and TNF-α are present in BP blister fluids (11,(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37). The MC-independent pathway probably involves direct activation of PMNs by the complement fragments activated by interaction between anti-mBP180 and its target antigen.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Proteinases released from infiltrating inflammatory cells have been implicated in the subepidermal blistering of BP (12). High levels of proteolytic enzymes, including neutrophil elastase (NE), cathepsin G, Plg activators (PAs), plasmin, MMP-2/gelatinase A, and MMP-9, have been detected in BP blister fluids and lesional/ perilesional sites (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). NE and MMP-9 degrade the recombinant BP180 and are required for dermal-epidermal separation induced by BP autoantibodies in a skin culture model (20)(21)(22).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%