Mediators of Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance in Middle‐aged Women

Objective: Studies on the effects of Ramadan fasting on weight changes have been contradictory. We brought together all published data to comprehensively examine the effects in a systematic review and meta-analysis. Design: Relevant studies were obtained through searches of PubMed and CINAHL and by independent screening of reference lists and citations without any time restriction. All searches were completed between October and November 2011. Setting: Changes in body weight during and after Ramadan were extracted from thirty-five English-language studies and were meta-analysed. Most of the studies were conducted in West Asia (n 19); the remainder were conducted in Africa (n 7), East Asia (n 3) and North America/Europe (n 4). Subjects: Healthy adults. Results: Fasting during Ramadan resulted in significant weight loss (21?24 kg; 95 % CI 21?60, 20?88 kg). However, most of the weight lost was regained within a few weeks and only a slight decrease in body weight was observed in the following weeks after Ramadan compared with that at the beginning of Ramadan. Weight loss at the end of Ramadan was significant in both genders (21?51 kg for men and 20?92 kg for women); but again the weight loss lasted no longer than 2 weeks after Ramadan. Weight loss during Ramadan was greater among Asian populations compared with Africans and Europeans. Conclusions: Weight changes during Ramadan were relatively small and mostly reversed after Ramadan, gradually returning to pre-Ramadan status. Ramadan provides an opportunity to lose weight, but structured and consistent lifestyle modifications are necessary to achieve lasting weight loss.

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“…time, about 40-60 % of the adult population in Western countries is attempting to lose or maintain weight (51) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Islamic fasting and weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sadeghirad

Motaghipisheh

Kolahdooz

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

157

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“…In weight regainers, it has also been shown that self-monitoring of food intake and weight control decline over time (3) . According to Teixeira et al (17) lowering emotional eating and adopting a flexible dietary restraint pattern are critical factors for sustained low weight status. Therefore, for long-term success, interventions must also be effective in promoting exercise, intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy.…”

Section: Potential Determinants Of Continued Low Weight Status Aftermentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term weight status in regainers after weight loss by lifestyle intervention: status and challenges

et al. 2014

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After having participated in a weight loss trial, most participants do not stabilise the obtained weight loss but return to their initial weight. The aim of this review is to describe the main determinants of continued low weight status after weight loss, and the effectiveness of physical activity (PA), energy restriction and macronutrient composition of the diet for low long-term weight regain. Studies with intervention periods of at least 3 months duration of weight reduction measures and a follow-up at least 2 years after the intervention period were considered as eligible for the review. Owing to limited data, the studies describing the role of PA in weight management were eligible with a follow-up of 1 year only. It appears that a diet with self-regulation of dietary intake seems to be given a prominent role in the strategy of successful long-term weight loss among the obese. This measure could be combined with behaviour therapy and PA and tailored to the individual situation. However, considering available evidence it is difficult to conclude regarding unambiguous measures and to recommend a specific dietary intervention. Nevertheless, interventions should be effective in promoting intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy. The harmonisation and standardisation of data collection in the follow-up period of long-term weight loss studies is a major challenge.

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“…Although there are a few exceptions, which also suggest the importance of building self-efficacy (e.g., perceptions of ability and competence) and addressing eating in response to emotional cues [24,25], there is little actionable research on theory-based psychosocial factors that might influence success at maintaining weight management behaviors. Analyses of dynamic patterns of changes in psychosocial correlates of eating and physical activity trajectories in participants who were unsuccessful at maintaining their weight loss might be especially instructive beginning just after the time when most weight loss is expected (e.g., after the initial 6 months of treatment [1][2][3]).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the aim of this preliminary, small-sample study was to develop a better understanding of changes within malleable psychosocial factors as they relate to their association with changes in fruits/vegetable consumption, intake of sweets, and physical activity outputs after the completion of a 6-month period of expected weight loss. Based on theory [16,22,23] and previous research over primarily brief time frames [11,25], changes in self-regulation, self-efficacy, mood, and emotional eating were incorporated as predictors of behavioral changes within this research because of their respective roles in (a) overcoming inevitable life-related barriers, (b) perceiving success that motivates persistence, (c) establishing a positive mental climate that is advantageous for persistence, and (d) overcoming emotionbased triggers for lapses into past unproductive eating behaviors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data from a subsample of participants of the aforementioned experimental treatment [18], who were initially successful at weight loss by losing at least the 3 % of their initial weight required for a reduction in health risks [4,5] but regained a minimum of one third of that weight over 2 years (which is indicative of a failure to sustain longterm effects [2,6]), were assessed. After considering previously suggested relationships between changes in psychosocial and behavioral correlates of weight [8,10,11,16,17,20,25], and incorporating suggestions for the use of mediation analyses to inform the architecture of interventions [26], the following hypotheses were provided:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychosocial predictors of decay in healthy eating and physical activity improvements in obese women regaining lost weight: translation of behavioral theory into treatment suggestions

Annesi

2016

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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Regain of lost weight is a universal problem for behavioral treatments. An increased understanding of theory-based psychosocial predictors of decay in behavioral correlates of weight loss might improve treatments. Data were derived from a previous weight loss investigation of 110 women with obesity. A subsample from the experimental treatment who lost ≥3 % body weight and regained at least one third of that over 24 months (N = 36) was assessed. During months 6 through 24, there were unfavorable changes in behavioral (fruit/vegetable and sweet intake; physical activity) and psychosocial variables. Mood change predicted change in fruit/vegetable and sweet intake, with emotional eating change mediating the latter relationship. Change in self-regulation predicted changes in sweet and fruit/vegetable intake and physical activity, with self-efficacy mediating the self-regulationfruit/vegetable intake and self-regulation-physical activity relationships. Findings suggest that after treatmentinduced weight loss, addressing indicated theory-based psychosocial variables might mitigate decay in behavioral predictors of healthier weight. KEYWORDSWeight loss, Maintenance, Treatment, Self-regulation, Self-efficacy, Physical activity Although behavioral (non-pharmacological/nonsurgical) treatments have consistently been associated with a 5-8 % loss in initial body weight, even more consistent has been a gradual climb toward baseline weight after approximately 6 months [1][2][3]. Although as little as 3 % weight loss can have health benefits [4,5], from one third to two third regain of weight is expected over 2 years [2,6]. Often, regain will continue beyond a participant's initial weight [1]. Repeating a pattern of weight loss and regain might increase individuals' health risks [7]. Researchers suggest that weight loss maintenance differs considerably from weight loss and thus should be distinctly studied and addressed [8]. In a recent trial incorporating a yearlong, state-of-the-science behavioral weight management protocol directed primarily at reductions in energy intake [9], an initial weight loss of 9 % demonstrated a 91 % regain of baseline weight over the subsequent 3 years [10]. Because of the failure of this seemingly comprehensive protocol that was highly focused upon maintaining weight loss from its outset, along with the long history of behavioral treatments' association with weight regain [1-3], its developers questioned the merits of any further pursuits of such weight management interventions [10]. Although other researchers disagreed [11][12][13], it seemed clear that new and different approaches were needed.As a reaction to this and (a) a consensus that exercise is a primary predictor of maintained weight loss [6,14,15], (b) suggestions that the development of self-regulation prior to pursuing reductions in energy intake is advisable [8], (c) proposed behavioral models of the relationship between exercise and weight loss [11,16,17], and (d) indications that physical activity affects weight loss more thr...

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Mediators of Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance in Middle‐aged Women

Cited by 358 publications

References 68 publications

Islamic fasting and weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Islamic fasting and weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Long-term weight status in regainers after weight loss by lifestyle intervention: status and challenges

Psychosocial predictors of decay in healthy eating and physical activity improvements in obese women regaining lost weight: translation of behavioral theory into treatment suggestions

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