Medical Aid in Dying: What Every Nurse Needs to Know

Abstract

:The number of U.S. states legalizing medical aid in dying for patients with terminal diseases and survival prognoses of six months or less is increasing. At press time, 10 states and the District of Columbia have legalized such aid. But because terminal illnesses without clear prognoses are not covered under these laws, some patients are forced to seek medical aid in dying outside the country.The nurse's role regarding aid in dying is poorly defined, and must be clarified. Currently, nurses and other providers have many misconceptions and fears about providing patients and families with the relevant education. Nurses need to have accurate knowledge and understanding of aid in dying, so they can advocate for those requesting this option; ensure equitable access; and provide them with guidance, support, and resources. An interdisciplinary approach is essential.This article provides background information on aid in dying in the United States, discusses the nurse's role, offers an illustrative case report, and addresses nursing implications.

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“…It is seen as acknowledging unavoidable death, respecting patient autonomy, providing beneficent care, and minimizing the duration of an individual's suffering. Medical aid in dying is legal in 11 jurisdictions in the United States (Death With Dignity, n.d.; Roehr, 2021; Roy, 2022). Oregon's “Death with Dignity” law requires that an individual considering withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment be diagnosed with a terminal illness that will result in death in less than 6 months, as well as that the individual be “capable” of making and communicating a consistent choice (Center for Health Statistics, 2022).…”