2017
DOI: 10.1177/2059513117707686
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Medical and biological factors affecting mortality in elderly residential fire victims: a narrative review of the literature

Abstract: For older people (aged over 65 years), the risk of dying in a residential fire is doubled compared to the general population. Obvious causes of death mainly include smoke inhalation and burn injuries. That older people are more fragile and have more concurrent diseases is inherent, but what is it that makes them more vulnerable? It is known that the number of elderly people is increasing globally and that the increased risk of death in fires can be explained, at least in part, by physical and/or cognitive disa… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(16 citation statements)
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References 55 publications
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“…Due to the special nature of high-rise building evacuation, the International Building Code allows the use of occupant evacuation elevators as a third staircase to facilitate the safe evacuation of high-rise building personnel [43]. As a result, high-rise buildings are equipped with elevator evacuation that can be used for the elderly and disabled in unexpected situations [44][45][46]. ere is an upper limit to the optimization process of elevator-assisted evacuation [47].…”
Section: Review Nursing Home Evacuationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Due to the special nature of high-rise building evacuation, the International Building Code allows the use of occupant evacuation elevators as a third staircase to facilitate the safe evacuation of high-rise building personnel [43]. As a result, high-rise buildings are equipped with elevator evacuation that can be used for the elderly and disabled in unexpected situations [44][45][46]. ere is an upper limit to the optimization process of elevator-assisted evacuation [47].…”
Section: Review Nursing Home Evacuationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous studies have shown that the relative risk of injury and death in a residential fire is increased in men, in those impaired by alcohol or drugs, smokers, those who are disabled, and in the elderly (2,3). A 2016 report of fire death from the National Center for Health Statistics and the US Census Bureau showed that individuals greater than the age of 55 account for nearly 60% of all fire fatalities and have a relative risk of fire death that increases precipitously from 1.1 at age 50-54 to 3.4 at ages greater than 84 years.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fatalities due to residential fires are often due to inhalation of toxic gases with a minor contribution from cutaneous thermal injuries (2,4). Approximately 25% of residential fire fatalities are due to thermal injuries alone, without a component of smoke and soot inhalation.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The exposure to toxic smoke, alone or in combination with cutaneous burns, is responsible for up to 75–80% of deaths after confined space fires [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) are two common toxic products of combustion [ 1 , 4 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…HCN is more likely to be encountered in fires in domestic structures with high temperatures and low oxygen content. This can be explained by the increased use of synthetic materials, containing higher levels of nitrogen, in interior finishing and furniture [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. HCN liberation occurs when nitrogen-containing materials such as polyurethane, polyamide and polyacrylonitrile, wool, or silk are burned.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%