Medical and Dental Applications of Titania Nanoparticles: An Overview

Abstract

Currently, titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are successfully employed in human food, drugs, cosmetics, advanced medicine, and dentistry because of their non-cytotoxic, non-allergic, and bio-compatible nature when used in direct close contact with the human body. These NPs are the most versatile oxides as a result of their acceptable chemical stability, lower cost, strong oxidation properties, high refractive index, and enhanced aesthetics. These NPs are fabricated by conventional (physical and chemical) methods and the latest biological methods (biological, green, and biological derivatives), with their advantages and disadvantages in this epoch. The significance of TiO2 NPs as a medical material includes drug delivery release, cancer therapy, orthopedic implants, biosensors, instruments, and devices, whereas their significance as a dental biomaterial involves dentifrices, oral antibacterial disinfectants, whitening agents, and adhesives. In addition, TiO2 NPs play an important role in orthodontics (wires and brackets), endodontics (sealers and obturating materials), maxillofacial surgeries (implants and bone plates), prosthodontics (veneers, crowns, bridges, and acrylic resin dentures), and restorative dentistry (GIC and composites).

Surface modification of TiO2nanoparticles with organic molecules and their biological applications

“…Recently, the modified TiO 2 NPs have been used for the delivery of various anticancer drugs, such as temozolomide, cisplatin, doxorubicin, and daunorubicin. 8,182 For instance, Han et al reported the synthesis of poly(acrylic acid)-calcium phosphate modified TiO 2 NPs (TiO 2 NPs@PAA-CaP) for the efficient drug delivery of doxorubicin (DOX). 183 This surface modification of TiO 2 NPs resulted in a significant enhancement of DOX loading and encapsulation up to eight times, compared to that of unmodified TiO 2 NPs.…”

Applications of nanomaterials in dentistry: A review

“…Various types of nanomaterials have been found to imitate host tissue properties in studies, albeit there is no knowledge of such features among dentistry groups. [ 21 24 ] As a result, the current analysis center on the possessions of various metal- and polymer-based nanomaterials[ 22 ] utilized in dental adhesives and restoratives, acrylic resins, period ontology, tissue engineering, endodontic, and implant dentistry. [ 25 26 ]…”

Mechanokinetics of the spontaneous contractions of smooth muscles in the stomach and large intestine of rats under chronic effect of ТiО2 nanoparticles

“…Currently, a large number of technological processes use nano-sized materials of the titanium dioxide (ТіО 2 ) amphoteric compound. In recent years, the world market of this material is estimated at approximately ten million tons per year, of which a large sector is occupied by the food, medical and pharmaceutical industries (Irshad et al, 2021;Mansoor et al, 2022). Thus, ТіО 2 is widely used in food coloring, cosmetic and hygiene products, nanomedical reagents, and pharmaceutical products (titanium dioxide food additive is marked with E171 code).…”