Medical Applications Based on Supramolecular Self-Assembled Materials From Tannic Acid

Abstract

Polyphenol, characterized by various phenolic rings in the chemical structure and an abundance in nature, can be extracted from vegetables, grains, chocolates, fruits, tea, legumes, and seeds, among other sources. Tannic acid (TA), a classical polyphenol with a specific chemical structure, has been widely used in biomedicine because of its outstanding biocompatibility and antibacterial and antioxidant properties. TA has tunable interactions with various materials that are widely distributed in the body, such as proteins, polysaccharides, and glycoproteins, through multimodes including hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and charge interactions, assisting TA as important building blocks in the supramolecular self-assembled materials. This review summarizes the recent immense progress in supramolecular self-assembled materials using TA as building blocks to generate different materials such as hydrogels, nanoparticles/microparticles, hollow capsules, and coating films, with enormous potential medical applications including drug delivery, tumor diagnosis and treatment, bone tissue engineering, biofunctional membrane material, and the treatment of certain diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and developmental prospects of supramolecular self-assembly nanomaterials based on TA.

Multifunctional Tannic Acid-Alendronate Nanocomplexes with Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Osteogenic Potency

“…TA-ALN were fabricated by self-assembly based on hydrogen bonding [ 13 , 24 ]. The forms of three types of TA-ALN were examined by TEM ( Figure 1 A).…”

“…Tannic acid (TA, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan)-alendronate (ALN, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) nanocomplexes were prepared via self-assembly [ 24 , 34 , 35 ] as follows. To start, TA (0.5 mg) was dissolved in 4-mL vials containing 1 mL of double deionized water (DDI), and different concentrations of ALN (0.05, 0.25, and 0.5 mg) were added into solution mentioned above.…”

“…TA, which includes carbonyl and phenol functional groups, has been shown to be a key component for binding to various biopolymers and biomolecules that rely on hydrogen bonding [ 21 , 22 ]. Because TA can bind to drug molecules primarily via hydrophobic interactions, it has inherently wished nanocarrier properties, which form a self-assembled cross-linked network through the role of a hydrogen-bonding donor [ 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Recent Advances in Tannic Acid (Gallotannin) Anticancer Activities and Drug Delivery Systems for Efficacy Improvement; A Comprehensive Review

“…Additionally, the nanocomplexes demonstrated excellent anticancer effect against A549 cells with reduced IC 50 values compared to crude drug and uncoated Paclitaxel nanoparticles, likely attributed to the improved stability of Paclitaxel nanocomplexes in neutral pH [ 53 ] as well as improved endocytosis of the complexes [ 69 ]. Collectively, these results highlight the multifaceted role of TA and sheds light onto the diversity of essential oils that contain considerable amount of TA to be considered as anticancer agent beside its well-known anti-microbial activity [ 70 , 71 , 72 ].…”

The Application of Tannic Acid in Orthopedics

“…TA is widely used for many diverse purposes, including industrial ink manufacture (when TA is mixed with ferric ions, a color reaction occurs), and is used for leather tanning, where it can bind to proteins (mainly collagen) through strong interactions, making them insoluble, more resistant to mechanical abrasion, and less susceptible to biodegradation (Chaplin, 1985;Belgacem and Gandini, 2008). Furthermore, this polyphenolic organic compound, possesses specific structural properties and biological activity, enabling it to be used as a building block for supramolecular assembly in the synthesis of biologically active nanomaterials (Lu et al, 2020). In the field of beauty and skin care, TA is widely added to cosmetics and skin care products to enhance their astringent, whitening, antiwrinkle, moisturizing, sun screening, antioxidant, and antiseptic effects (Ryeom et al, 2018;Chai et al, 2019).…”