Medical ethics is an endeavor to define appropriate conduct for doctors in complex clinical and research scenarios. It is not merely theoretical, as physicians and healthcare professionals encounter situations where they must make decisions concerning patient care during research and routine practice. While many situations dictate clear courses of action, some instances present ambiguity, requiring a comprehensive understanding of ethical analysis. The relevance of medical ethics persists today, as violations of fundamental ethical principles continue to occur. The publication is presented as a literature review using integrated search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. Search queries related to bioethics, public health and medicine were mainly used. The search depth was 10 years. Despite the issuance of the Declaration of Helsinki 59 years ago, with updates every decade to address new challenges, violations of basic medical ethics principles persist, particularly among young scientists and physician-researchers in countries where the field of science is still developing.