Medical Implant Corrosion: Electrochemistry at Metallic Biomaterial Surfaces

Gilbert, Jeremy L.; Mali, Sachin A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3942-4_1

Cited by 25 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Flexural rigidity is an important factor in inducing corrosion because it affects elastic-based micromotion (or fretting) that arises at the modular junction when applied loads or moments cause elastic strains. These strains generate stretching (on the tensile side) and compression (on the compressive side), causing displacements of approximately 5 to 40 lm [20], in line with observations of fretting scars [18]. When the elastic modulus was held constant across all taper geometries to examine only the effects of taper geometry on flexural rigidity, we found there was still substantial variability among the different designs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Modern Trunnions Are More Flexible: A Mechanical Analysis of THA Taper Designs

Porter

Urban

Jacobs

et al. 2014

Clin Orthop Relat Res

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Background There is renewed concern surrounding the potential for corrosion at the modular head-neck junction to cause early failure in contemporary THAs. Although taper corrosion involves a complex interplay of many factors, a previous study suggested that a decrease in flexural rigidity of the femoral trunnion may be associated with an increased likelihood of corrosion at retrieval. Questions/purposes By analyzing a large revision retrieval database of femoral stems released during a span of three decades, we asked: (1) how much does flexural rigidity vary among different taper designs; (2) what is the contribution of taper geometry alone to flexural rigidity of the femoral trunnion; and (3) how have flexural rigidity and taper length changed with time in this group of revised retrievals? Methods A dual-center retrieval analysis of 85 modular femoral stems released between 1983 and 2012 was performed, and the flexural rigidity and length of the femoral trunnions were determined. These stems were implanted between 1991 and 2012 and retrieved at revision or removal surgery between 2004 and 2012. There were 10 different taper designs made from five different metal alloys from 16 manufacturers. Digital calipers were used to measure taper geometries by two independent observers. Results Median flexural rigidity was 228 N-m 2 ; however, there was a wide range of values among the various stems spanning nearly an order of magnitude between the most

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Modern Trunnions Are More Flexible: A Mechanical Analysis of THA Taper Designs

Porter

Urban

Jacobs

et al. 2014

Clin Orthop Relat Res

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“…The onset of fretting mechanically removes the oxide layer from the surface such that bare metal is exposed directly to the electrolyte . The oxidation and corresponding oxide film repassivation reactions lead to electron accumulation in the metal resulting in overall shift in V OCP to more negative values until the rate of reduction roughly balances with the rate of anodic reactions (oxide repassivation and ion release . These cathodic potential excursions have been shown to occur during fretting corrosion and these can impair the corrosion resistance of the surface due to less protective nature of the oxide film …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 The oxidation and corresponding oxide film repassivation reactions lead to electron accumulation in the metal resulting in overall shift in V OCP to more negative values until the rate of reduction roughly balances with the rate of anodic reactions (oxide repassivation and ion release. 3,27,28 These cathodic potential excursions have been shown to occur during fretting corrosion and these can impair the corrosion resistance of the surface due to less protective nature of the oxide film. 27,28 The mechanical behavior or the contact conditions at the interfaces undergoing fretting corrosion affects the fretting currents observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material dependent fretting corrosion in spinal fusion devices: Evaluation of onset and long‐term response

et al. 2018

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Posterior spinal fusion implants include number of interconnecting components, which are subjected to micromotion under physiological loading conditions inducing a potential for fretting corrosion. There is very little known about the fretting corrosion in these devices in terms of the minimum angular displacement (threshold) necessary to induce fretting corrosion or the amount of fretting corrosion that can arise during the life of the implant. Therefore, the first goal was to evaluate the threshold fretting corrosion in three anatomical orientations and second the long-term fretting corrosion for the three different material types of spinal implants under physiological loading conditions. In threshold test, axial rotation exhibited highest changes in open circuit potential (V in mV) and induced fretting currents (I in µA) for cobalt chrome (ΔV : 24.71 ± 5.53; ΔI : 4.03 ± 0.51) and stainless steel (ΔV : 28.21 ± 6.97; ΔI : 2.98 ± 0.42) constructs whereas it was flexion-extension for titanium constructs (ΔV : 4.51 ± 2.48; ΔI : 0.38 ± 0.12). Long-term test indicated that the titanium (V :101 ± 0.06; I : 0.07 ± 0.02) and cobalt chrome (V : 140.67 ± 0.04; I : 0.12 ± 0.05) constructs were more resistant to the fretting corrosion compared to stainless steel (V : -135.33 ± 0.31; I : 2.63 ± 1.06). © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2858-2868, 2018.

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“…The stability of a chemical on a surface in a dilute aqueous solution is affected by the potential of the interface and pH. 26 Based on the surface potential achieved in 50 mM solutions at neutral pH, Cr(VI) becomes thermodynamically favored in the form of CrO 4 2− ions. 22 Cr(VI) has been detected within the oxide as a result of potentiostatic testing where similar potentials were applied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of the inflammatory species hypochlorous acid on the corrosion and surface damage of Ti‐6Al‐4V and CoCrMo alloys

Kubacki

Gilbert

2018

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Performance of metallic orthopedic alloys is dependent on the local biological conditions within the joint. Inflammation within a joint can lead to severe conditions at the surface of the implant and may represent a driving force of corrosion which is not well understood. In this study, the corrosion response of CoCrMo and Ti-6Al-4V alloys was studied in hypochlorous acid (HOCl) saline solutions, which served as a simulated inflammatory environment. Anodic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of these alloys in a range of hypochlorous acid solutions. The open circuit potential of CoCrMo rose to over 600 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) in 30 mM HOCl solutions while the corresponding corrosion current increased three orders of magnitude over controls. Visual analysis of CoCrMo disks after immersion in 50 mM HOCl for 5 days revealed extensive surface damage. This study shows that HOCl can polarize CoCrMo surfaces above the transpassive potential without an external power source. Ultimately, long-term exposure to HOCl within an inflamed joint may significantly affect patient outcomes through accelerated generation of corrosion products. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 3185-3194, 2018.

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Medical Implant Corrosion: Electrochemistry at Metallic Biomaterial Surfaces

Cited by 25 publications

References 58 publications

Modern Trunnions Are More Flexible: A Mechanical Analysis of THA Taper Designs

Modern Trunnions Are More Flexible: A Mechanical Analysis of THA Taper Designs

Material dependent fretting corrosion in spinal fusion devices: Evaluation of onset and long‐term response

The effect of the inflammatory species hypochlorous acid on the corrosion and surface damage of Ti‐6Al‐4V and CoCrMo alloys

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