Medical Implant Surface Technology: Geometrical Formation of Titania Nanotube Arrays by Divergence Anodization Parameters

Abstract

Titania nanotube arrays (TNA) have high biocompatibility, less toxicity, and a large surface area per volume; thus, TNA offer great potential in biomedical applications. Interactions between micro environment and cell on the TNA surface are intensively investigated regarding cell attachment and interaction. Anodization was used to create a highly ordered nano-porous oxide layer with nano-sized pores on the surface of the titanium. This process was carried out at 30 V with a sweep rate of 1 V/sec for a different duration (10 s, 1 min, 2 min, 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 6 h). On an anodized titanium surface, the cell adhesion of several adherence cells was observed using a eld emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Due to its important role in controlling the morphology of the nanotube structures, extending anodization time causes the length of the nanotubes increases. Hence, the optimised anodization time on the TNA surface at 30 V with a sweep rate of 1 V/s directly impacts cell adhesion after incubating for 48 h. The anodic potential of TNA was successfully obtained at 30 V with a sweep rate of 1 V/sec for 30 min, which could modulate diverse cellular responses of cell adhesion observed by FESEM.