Medical implications of ultrasonically detected polycystic ovaries

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is more frequently observed in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) adult women than in nondiabetic women. No such prevalence has yet been studied in adolescent girls with T1DM. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of PCOS in adolescent girls with T1DM and to determine the clinical and hormonal features associated with the disorder. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 53 adolescent girls (gynecological age >2 years) referred for routine evaluation for T1DM was conducted. We diagnosed PCOS using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Rotterdam criteria. Results: 26.4 and 47.9% of adolescents had PCOS according to NIH (NIH-PCOS) and Rotterdam (Rotterdam-PCOS) criteria. 66.7% of NIH-PCOS adolescents had a complete phenotype associated with hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea, and polycystic ovarian morphology, unlike only 33.3% of the Rotterdam-PCOS adolescents. A family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was more frequent in PCOS than in non-PCOS girls, whichever criteria were used. Late pubertal development and a T1DM diagnosis close to puberty were factors associated with NIH-PCOS. Conclusion: Adolescents with T1DM had a high prevalence of PCOS. More differences between PCOS and non-PCOS patients were found using the NIH criteria, suggesting that clinical characteristics might be more accurate for diagnosing PCOS in girls with T1DM. A family history of T2DM is associated with a high risk of PCOS.

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“…We measured the length of the uterus and calculated the ovarian volume using the simplified formula for a prolate ellipsoid [22]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Adolescents: Is There a Difference Depending on the NIH and Rotterdam Criteria?

et al. 2017

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“…When the presence of PCOS is defined solely by the finding of polycystic ovaries at either surgery or sonography, between 1-20% of unselected women have been reported to be affected (10 -13). However, this marker is relatively nonspecific, because up to 25% of patients with this ovarian morphology on sonography are asymptomatic (14). In addition, not all patients with hyperandrogenic oligoovulation demonstrate polycysticappearing ovaries (13)(14)(15)(16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Unselected Black and White Women of the Southeastern United States: A Prospective Study¹

Knochenhauer¹,

Key²,

Kahsar-Miller³

et al. 1998

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

501

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Estimates of the prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in the general population have ranged from 2-20%. The vast majority of these reports have studied White populations in Europe, used limited definitions of the disorder, and/or used bias populations, such as those seeking medical care. To estimate the prevalence of this disorder in the United States and address these limitations, we prospectively determined the prevalence of PCOS in a reproductive-aged population of 369 consecutive women (174 White and 195 Black; aged 18 -45 yr), examined at the time of their preemployment physical. Body measures were obtained, and body hair was quantified by a modified Ferriman-Gallwey (F-G) method. All exams were initially performed by 2 trained nurses, and any subject with an F-G score above 3 was reexamined by a physician, the same for all patients. Of the 369 women, 277 (75.1%) also agreed to complete a questionnaire and have additional blood drawn. Subjects were studied regardless of current estrogen/progestin hormonal use (28.5%). PCOS was defined as 1) oligoovulation, 2) clinical hyperandrogenism (i.e. hirsutism) and/or hyperandrogenemia, and 3) exclusion of other related disorders, such as hyperprolactinemia, thyroid abnormalities, and nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia. Hirsutism was defined by a F-G score of 6 or more, and hyperandrogenemia was defined as a total or free testosterone, androstenedione, and/or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate level above the 95th percentile of control values [i.e. all eumenorrheic women in the study, who had no hirsutism (F-G Յ5) or acne and were receiving no hormonal therapy; n ϭ 98]. Considering all 369 women studied, White and Black women had similar mean ages (29.4 Ϯ 7.1 and 31.1 Ϯ 7.8 yr, respectively), although White women had a lesser body mass than Black women (24.9 Ϯ 6.1 vs. 29.2 Ϯ 8

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“…The most prominent feature in the ovaries of patients with PCOS was the increase in ovarian volume. Studies based on transabdominal ultrasound have shown that normal ovaries were ellipsoid structures, with aver age volumes between 4.0 and 6.5 ml and the upper limit of ovarian volume between 5.7 and 7.6 ml [11,17,18], The ovarian volumes in patients with PCOS were twice those in normal ovaries, with average ovarian volume rangingfrom 12.0to 16.6 ml [8,10,11,14,[19][20][21], Pache et al [22], using transvaginal ultrasound, reported that the average ovarian volumes in normal women and patients with PCOS were 5.9 and 9.8 ml, respectively. In the present study, the ovarian volume (10.3 ml) observed in patients with PCOS was similarly about twice that (4.5 ml) in normal women and was in accordance with the results of Pache et al [22], Several investigators [10,11,23] have reported that 29-34% of ovaries in patients with PCOS were normal in size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transvaginal Ultrasonographic Morphology in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Takahashi¹,

Okada²,

Ozaki³

et al. 1995

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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To assess the morphological findings based on transvaginal ultrasound, the ovarian volume and the number and size of small follicles were studied in 47 patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) diagnosed clinically. Thirty normal volunteers served as controls. The mean ovarian volume (10.3 ml) and number of follicles (10.6) in patietns with PCOS were significantly higher than those of controls. An ovarian volume > 6.2 ml and follicles > 10 with a diameter of 2–8 mm were the most prominent features in the ovaries of patients with PCOS and 94% of 47 patients with PCOS had at least one of these ultrasonic findings. However, marked asymmetry of the two ovaries was seen in about 50% of patients with PCOS and a considerable overlap existed between controls and patients with PCOS in the ovarian volume and in the number of follicles. Three (6%) patients with normal ovarian volume and normal number of follicles were observed. Therefore, it is difficult to clearly distinguish a patient with PCOS from a normal woman only by transvaginal ultrasonic criteria using the ovarian volume and/or the number of follicles, although these criteria could be clinically useful for the screening of PCOS.

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Medical implications of ultrasonically detected polycystic ovaries

Cited by 187 publications

References 9 publications

High Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Adolescents: Is There a Difference Depending on the NIH and Rotterdam Criteria?

High Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Adolescents: Is There a Difference Depending on the NIH and Rotterdam Criteria?

Prevalence of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Unselected Black and White Women of the Southeastern United States: A Prospective Study¹

Transvaginal Ultrasonographic Morphology in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

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Medical implications of ultrasonically detected polycystic ovaries

Cited by 187 publications

References 9 publications

High Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Adolescents: Is There a Difference Depending on the NIH and Rotterdam Criteria?

High Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Adolescents: Is There a Difference Depending on the NIH and Rotterdam Criteria?

Prevalence of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Unselected Black and White Women of the Southeastern United States: A Prospective Study1

Transvaginal Ultrasonographic Morphology in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

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Prevalence of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Unselected Black and White Women of the Southeastern United States: A Prospective Study¹