Medical Maker Response to COVID-19: Distributed Manufacturing Infrastructure for Stopgap Protective Equipment

Lakshmi, U. K.; Hofmann, Megan; Mack, Kelly; Hudson, Scott E.; Mankoff, Jennifer; Arriaga, Rosa I.

doi:10.1145/3411764.3445395

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…En México, donde realicé 20 entrevistas entre abril y julio del año 2020, makers reorientaron sus prácticas hacia la producción de equipos de protección facial personal o caretas (Corsini et al, 2020;García Sáez y Cuartielles, 2020;Lakshmi et al, 2021). Durante esos meses, las estrategias que utilizaron para gestionar la incertidumbre, los riesgos y las oportunidades generadas por la pandemia beneficiaron al personal de primera línea y ayudaron a mantener a flote makerspaces, estudios de diseño y talleres de manufactura en todo el país (Beckert, 2016;Neff, 2012).…”

Section: Verónica Uribe Del áGuilaunclassified

Culturas de prototipado y prototipado de caretas durante la pandemia: comunicación y economización de la participación cívica en México

Águila

2021

CONEXION

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El presente texto analiza cómo makers en México usaron prototipos en la implementación y manejo de redes de suministro para la fabricación de caretas para personal de primera línea durante los primeros meses de la pandemia. En conversación con teorías de la información y los estudios feministas de ciencia y tecnología, el texto sostiene que dichos prototipos tuvieron tres funciones comunicativas: (1) organizar el trabajo en un contexto de distancia social (Suchman et al., 2002; Valentine, 2013); (2) gestionar la incertidumbre con respecto a la información de salud contradictoria (Corsín Jiménez, 2014; Lindtner, 2020); y (3) articular procesos de innovación y producción de valor de mercado (Beckert, 2016; Eisenhardt, 1989). Esta triple función comunicativa de los prototipos hizo posible la articulación de prácticas cívicas y lógicas neoliberales, lo que llamo, siguiendo a otros autores, la economización de la participación cívica (Lindtner, 2020; Murphy, 2017).

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Section: Verónica Uribe Del áGuilaunclassified

Culturas de prototipado y prototipado de caretas durante la pandemia: comunicación y economización de la participación cívica en México

Águila

2021

CONEXION

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“…Lakshmi et al discuss how clinician-makers hesitate to distribute prototype designs without due regulatory approval or licensing extending from an ethos of safety and a risk aversion to personal medical liability [25]. While 3D printing advocates in medicine proved prescient in the COVID-19 PPE crisis [16,24,35], regulatory and policy infrastructure in the medical space is underdeveloped. Similar to the open source software development communities [47], flexible and ad hoc coordination is key for efficient medical maker response.…”

Section: Digital Fabrication and Peer Production In Medical Makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, repositories like the NIH 3D Print Exchange and the limited distribution of digital files on hospital sites indicate that medical makers publish their designs for use, reuse, and distribution. We examine the emergent practices around the recent push to make and design PPE [16,24] on the NIH 3D Print Exchange. Novak and Loy undertake a wider analysis of COVID-19 response efforts in early 2020 [35].…”

Section: Morgan Et Al In Their Analysis Of Alternate Wikiprojects Fou...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…78.5% (N=408/520) of designs had zero comments and 10.8% (N=56/520) had only one comment. Based on studies on other studies of COVID-19 medical making [16,24], we expect that makers were primarily communicating in other platforms. On the exchange itself, feedback between makers was not the norm.…”

Section: Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Affiliated makers had better access to resources pools that aligned with the NIH's clinical expectations of safety. For instance, interviews with makers working in close proximity to healthcare workers helped affiliated makers evaluate PPE usability [24]. Additionally, they could access rare medical expertise (e.g., infectious disease teams).…”

Section: The Effects Of Novel Scarce Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid Convergence: The Outcomes of Making PPE during a Healthcare Crisis

Mack¹,

Hofmann²,

Lakshmi³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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The NIH 3D Print Exchange is a public and open source repository for primarily 3D printable medical device designs with contributions from expert-amateur makers, engineers from industry and academia, and clinicians. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, a collection was formed to foster submissions of low-cost, local manufacture of personal protective equipment (Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)). We systematically evaluated the 623 submissions in this collection to understand: what makers contributed, how they were made, who made them, and key characteristics of their designs. Our analysis reveals an immediate design convergence to derivatives of a few initial designs affiliated with NIH partners (e.g., universities, the Veteran's Health Administration, America Makes) and major for-profit groups (e.g., Prusa). The NIH worked to review safe and effective designs but was quickly overloaded by derivative works. We found that the vast majority were never reviewed (81.3%) while 10.4% of those reviewed were deemed safe for clinical (5.6%) or community use (4.8%). Our work contributes insights into: the outcomes of distributed, community-based, medical making; features the community accepted as "safe" making; and how platforms can support regulated maker activities in high-risk domains (e.g., healthcare).

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Stories from the Frontline: Recuperating Essential Worker Accounts of AI Integration

Kang

Fox

2022

Designing Interactive Systems Conference

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This paper aims to elevate essential worker accounts of the introduction of AI technology amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing from a mix of ethnographic observations, interviews, and participatory design encounters with frontline staf, we examine the experiences of workers in a waste management facility in the United States newly tasked with overseeing autonomous foor cleaning robots. To complement and extend managerial and engineering descriptions emphasizing the functionality and performance of these devices, we used recuperative approaches to re-center the sociomaterial realities of workers on-the-ground. For example, workers reported concerns on the safety of the devices in congested areas and a need for more comprehensive training across all levels of the organization. This research seeks to expand the discourse on ethical AI by situating essential workers as a key source in developing best practices for deploying new technologies and evaluating pilot projects.

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Medical Maker Response to COVID-19: Distributed Manufacturing Infrastructure for Stopgap Protective Equipment

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

Culturas de prototipado y prototipado de caretas durante la pandemia: comunicación y economización de la participación cívica en México

Culturas de prototipado y prototipado de caretas durante la pandemia: comunicación y economización de la participación cívica en México

Rapid Convergence: The Outcomes of Making PPE during a Healthcare Crisis

Stories from the Frontline: Recuperating Essential Worker Accounts of AI Integration

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