A 24-year-old physical education teacher presented with a 1-year history of disabling left-sided low back pain with intermittent irradiation to the left thigh. No previous history of trauma or other cause for the onset of symptoms was reported. The patient's past history was unremarkable. He had initially sought conservative treatment through physiotherapy and chiropractic manipulation and had required daily analgesia with no significant benefit.Over the 6 weeks preceding the assessment by the senior author (O.L.O.), he had been unable to work because of further deterioration of his back symptoms. On examination a mild right lumbar scoliosis was noted which was not fully correctible in lateral bending. There was marked tenderness over the left L3-4 apophyseal joint with moderate restriction of lumbar movement, both in flexion and extension. Straight leg raising was unrestricted and there was no evidence of neurological involvement in the lower limbs. The patient denied any specific difficulties of bladder or bowel function.Imaging included plain radiographs, a bone scan with SPECT, and a CT scan (Figs. 1-3).The procedure was carried out using neuroleptic anaesthesia (midazolam and fentanyl) supplemented by local infiltration with lignocaine and bupivacaine. The patient was positioned prone in the CT scanner (Toshiba Express SX).A core biopsy of the lesion was then carried out using a Cook trephine needle (Cook Bone Biopsy Set, Cook, Australia) (Fig. 4), which was followed by radio-wave ablation using a radio-frequency generator (Radionics RFG-6) with a 1-mm electrode at 85°C for 4 min. The electrode was introduced percutaneously through a 2-mm guiding cannula and positioned into the nidus. The cannula insulates the electrode throughout its length except for the terminal 5 mm.The patient was discharged from hospital 2 h after the procedure and reviewed at 6 weeks, 3 months and 16 months later. Relief of preoperative pain was reported 24 h after the operation. Two weeks later the patient was able to return to work as a physical education teacher in a full-time capacity with no restrictions. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of an osteoid osteoma (Fig. 5).At the 16-month follow-up, clinical examination revealed full and pain-free lumbar range of movement with no localised tenderness. There was no evidence of neurological deficit in the lower limbs.Imaging carried out at that stage demonstrated residual thickening of the left L4 neural arch, but with no evidence of recurrent or residual nidus (Fig. 6).
AbstractThe authors report on the first known application in the spine of percutaneous ablation of osteoid osteoma using radio-frequency waves. The technique involves a CTguided biopsy of the lesion followed by introduction of a 1-mm probe connected to a radio-frequency lesion generator. The procedure was performed on an outpatient basis and the patient experienced immediate relief of his symptoms. No evidence of recurrence was demonstrated 16 months later. The techniqe described may become the procedure of choic...