Medical marijuana legalization and cigarette and marijuana co-use in adolescents and adults

Wang, Julie B.; Ramo, Danielle E.; Lisha, Nadra E.; Cataldo, Janine

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.016

Cited by 73 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…E-cigarette and hookah use is more prevalent than combustible cigarette smoking among adolescents, yet e-cigarettes and hookah are far less regulated. 10,37 Federal regulations do not currently restrict youthtargeted advertising and promotion or sales of youth-friendly flavors of 31,39 With the data from the current study, we raise questions regarding the impact of less restrictive policies on the use and co-use of newer tobacco products and marijuana in the adolescent population. These data are used to support strict policies to prevent tobacco product and marijuana product sales to minors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Adolescent E-Cigarette, Hookah, and Conventional Cigarette Use and Subsequent Marijuana Use

et al. 2018

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OBJECTIVES: Noncigarette tobacco products may confer a risk of marijuana use similar to combustible cigarettes. We examined whether adolescent electronic cigarette (e-cigarette), hookah, or combustible cigarette use is associated with initiating and currently using marijuana as well as using both tobacco and marijuana concurrently. METHODS:Adolescents from 10 public schools in Los Angeles, California, completed in-classroom surveys at baseline (fall 2013, ninth grade) and at a 24-month follow-up (fall 2015, 11th grade). Among adolescents who never used marijuana at baseline (N = 2668), associations of baseline e-cigarette, hookah, or combustible cigarette use with ever marijuana use (initiation), current marijuana use (past 30 days), and current dual use of marijuana and these tobacco products at the 24-month follow-up were examined. RESULTS:Baseline ever versus never e-cigarette use was associated with initiation (odds ratio [OR] 3.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.69-4.90) and current (OR 3.67; 95% CI 2.51-5.36) marijuana use 24 months later. Ever versus never hookah use was associated with initiation (OR 3.55; 95% CI 2.49-5.08) and current (OR 4.10; 95% CI 2.69-6.25) marijuana use 24 months later. Similar associations were observed for combustible cigarette smoking and initiation (OR 4.30;) and current use of marijuana (OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.05-3.68). Current use of any of these tobacco products at baseline was associated with current use of both tobacco and marijuana (OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.47-3.55) 24 months later. CONCLUSIONS:The association between tobacco use and subsequent marijuana use across adolescence extends to multiple tobacco products. abstract NIH

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Adolescent E-Cigarette, Hookah, and Conventional Cigarette Use and Subsequent Marijuana Use

et al. 2018

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“…for reviews) that may lead persons who have problematic cannabis use (eg, CUDs), or who report cannabis use, to have more difficulty quitting cigarette smoking. Persons who co-use cigarettes and cannabis report smoking more cigarettes per day49 50 and symptoms of nicotine dependence50–52; both of which are associated with increased difficulty quitting smoking (eg, refs 53–56…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking quit ratios among adults in the USA with cannabis use and cannabis use disorders, 2002–2016

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThe prevalence of cigarette smoking is nearly three times higher among persons who use cannabis and have cannabis use disorders (CUDs), relative to those who do not. The current study examined cigarette quit ratios from 2002 to 2016 among US adults with and without cannabis use and CUDs.MethodsThe current study analysed US adults aged 18 years and older from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, an annual cross-sectional study. Quit ratios (ie, proportion of former smokers among ever-smokers) were calculated annually from 2002 to 2016. Time trends in quit ratios by cannabis use/CUDs were tested using logistic regression.ResultsIn 2016, the quit ratios for people with any cannabis use (23%) and CUDs (15%) were less than half the quit ratios of those without cannabis use and CUDs (51% and 48%, respectively). After controlling for demographics and substance use disorders, the quit ratio did not change from 2002 to 2016 among persons with CUD, though it non-linearly increased among persons with cannabis use, without cannabis use and without CUDs. Quit ratios increased more rapidly among those who reported past-month cannabis use compared with those without past-month cannabis use.ConclusionsCigarette smoking quit ratios remain dramatically lower among people who use cannabis and have CUDs and quit ratios did not change significantly from 2002 to 2016 among those with CUDs. Public health and clinical attention are needed to increase quit ratios and reduce harmful cigarette smoking consequences for persons with cannabis use and CUDs.

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“…Also, as the legal status of cannabis and the prevalence of use changes, considerations should be given to how these policies impact tobacco-cannabis co-use. A recent study found that in states with legalized medical marijuana, co-use was associated with greater odds of nicotine dependence compared to tobacco-only users (Wang et al, 2016). Even with many unanswered questions regarding co-use, the literature to date raises treatment-related concerns for interventions that are developed for cannabis alone, but are recruiting a co-using sample, and in the development of interventions for both substances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco use during cannabis cessation: Use patterns and impact on abstinence in a National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network study

McClure

Baker

Sonne

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background: It is common for cannabis users to also use tobacco. While data suggest that tobacco users have more difficulty achieving cannabis cessation, secondary analyses of clinical trial data sets may provide insight into the moderating variables contributing to this relationship, as well as changes in tobacco use during cannabis treatment. Those were the aims of this secondary analysis. Methods: The parent study was a multi-site trial of N-acetylcysteine for cannabis dependence conducted within the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network. Participants were treatment-seeking adults (ages 18–50) who met criteria for cannabis dependence (N=302). For cigarette smokers (n=117), tobacco use was assessed via timeline follow-back and nicotine dependence was assessed via the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Outcome measures included: 1) changes in tobacco use based on treatment assignment, nicotine dependence, and concurrent cannabis reduction/abstinence, and 2) independent associations between nicotine dependence and cannabis abstinence. Results: Cigarette smokers accounted for 39% of the sample (117/302), with a median FTND score of 3.0 (10-point scale). Among those with lower baseline nicotine dependence scores, cigarette smoking was reduced in the active treatment group compared to placebo. Those with moderate/high levels of nicotine dependence showed slight increases in smoking following active treatment. Nicotine dependence did not affect cannabis cessation. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking during cannabis treatment was affected, but depended on baseline nicotine dependence severity, though dependence levels did not impact cannabis abstinence. Interventions that address both tobacco and cannabis are needed, especially due to an increasing prevalence of cannabis use.

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Medical marijuana legalization and cigarette and marijuana co-use in adolescents and adults

Cited by 73 publications

References 51 publications

Adolescent E-Cigarette, Hookah, and Conventional Cigarette Use and Subsequent Marijuana Use

Adolescent E-Cigarette, Hookah, and Conventional Cigarette Use and Subsequent Marijuana Use

Cigarette smoking quit ratios among adults in the USA with cannabis use and cannabis use disorders, 2002–2016

Tobacco use during cannabis cessation: Use patterns and impact on abstinence in a National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network study

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