Medical practice and placebo response: an inseparable bond?

Jilch, S.; Sel, Ruken; Shariat, Shahrokh F.

doi:10.1007/s00508-020-01626-9

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Other studies have suggested that finding may reflect methodological changes, such as an increased number of multicenter studies . Placebo effect has been shown to be associated with expectancy of active treatment and increased activity in reward circuitry . Industry-sponsored RCTs are often investigating novel agents, which may lead to increased expectations of efficacy by participants, although we are unable to confirm this possibility with available data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Magnitude of the Placebo Response Across Treatment Modalities Used for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Adults

et al. 2021

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IMPORTANCEThe placebo effect in depression clinical trials is a substantial factor associated with failure to establish efficacy of novel and repurposed treatments. However, the magnitude of the placebo effect and whether it differs across treatment modalities in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is unclear.OBJECTIVE To examine the magnitude of the placebo effect in patients with TRD across different treatment modalities and its possible moderators. DATA SOURCESSearches were conducted on MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PsychInfo from inception to June 21, 2021. STUDY SELECTION Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included if they recruited patients with TRD and randomized them to a placebo or sham arm and a pharmacotherapy, brain stimulation, or psychotherapy arm. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Independent reviewers used standard forms for data extraction and quality assessment. Random-effects analyses and standard pairwise meta-analyses were performed. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the Hedges g value for the reported depression scales. Secondary outcomes included moderators assessed via meta-regression and response and remission rates. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I 2 test, and publication bias was evaluated using the Egger test and a funnel plot. Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to estimate risks. RESULTS Fifty RCTs were included involving various types of placebo or sham interventions with a total of 3228 participants (mean [SD] age, 45.8 [6.0] years; 1769 [54.8%] female). The pooledplacebo effect size for all modalities was large (g = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.91-1.1); the placebo effect size in RCTs of specific treatment modalities did not significantly differ. Similarly, response and remission rates associated with placebo were comparable across modalities. Heterogeneity was large. Three variables were associated with a larger placebo effect size: open-label prospective treatment before double-blind placebo randomization (β = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.59; P = .004), later year of publication (β = 0.03; 95% CI, 0.003 to 0.05; P = .03), and industry-sponsored trials (β = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.58; P = .007). The number of failed interventions was associated with the probability a smaller placebo effect size (β = −0.12; 95% CI, −0.23 to −0.01, P = .03). The Egger test result was not significant for small studies' effects. (continued) Key Points Question What is the placebo effect magnitude in different treatment modalities used for management of patients with treatment-resistant depression? Findings In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 3228 patients with treatment-resistant depression in 50 randomized clinical trials, the placebo effect size was large and consistent across treatment modalities. Response and remission rates associated with placebo effect were comparable across modalities.Meaning The findings of this study suggest a placebo effect size benchmark may be used to interpret the findings of past and future clinical trials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Magnitude of the Placebo Response Across Treatment Modalities Used for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Adults

et al. 2021

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“…Сказанное позволяет предположить, что источников по истории плацебо, скорее всего, не так много. Но для последних лет пятнадцати спектр работ, целиком или частично посвященных истории плацебо, весьма разнообразен: не считая исследований из Великобритании и США, это австралийская [31], австрийская [32], бразильская [33], германские [21,34,35], израильские [36,37], испанская [38], итальянская [39], украинская [40], финская (монография) [41], французская [42], хорватская [43] и швейцарская [44] статьи. Обнаружены, как сказано выше, и шесть публикаций из России разной весомости [1,[23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: источники по истории плацебо / Sources On the Placebo Historyunclassified

“…В трех источниках 2013-2020 гг. [32,34,41] назван врач Alexander Sutherland (родился перед 1730 г., умер после 1773 г. [34]; Великобритания) 21 .…”

Section: Review Articlesunclassified

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Historical milestones of the invention and use of placebo

Koterov

2023

Farmakoèkonomika

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The review is based on the originals of nearly all major sources on the history of placebo and the placebo effect for 1945–2020. Data on the etymology and semantics of the term “placebo”, on its introduction into the Catholic service and, then, into everyday English are given. The placebo effect is considered as one of the mechanisms ensuring the “success” of ancient, medieval, old, non-traditional (alternative) and esoteric medicine. It is indicated that the origins of the experimental placebo are exorcism techniques dated from 16th century.Uniform understanding of priorities in the invention and use of both therapeutic and experimental placebo has not been established. In the first case, A. Sutherland (1763) and A. Duncan (1770) from Scotland, but not W. Cullen (1772), as is now given in most sources, should be named as pioneers. In the second case, the priority is given to the Commission of the Franch Academy of Sciences (with the participation of the US Ambassador to France B. Franklin), which investigated the effects of mesmerism (A. Mesmer) in 1784, but not to J. Haygarth's test of magnetism therapy in 1801, not to a comparison of the effects of homeopathy and allopathy in St. Petersburg in 1829–1830 and, moreover, not to the therapy of rheumatism studied by A. Flint in 1863. The last date is often erroneously given in manuals and reviews.From the beginning of placebo use and until the middle of the 20th century, it was considered as an active compound that could theoretically have a therapeutic effect, but since 1937 placebo has been defined in medical dictionaries only as an inactive, inert substance or effect. Data on the inclusion of the term “placebo” in general and medical dictionaries in different languages are presented (priority was given to the new medical dictionary by G. Motherby written in English and published in 1785).The increased interest in the history of placebo in the last one and a half to two decades (relevant reviews from at least 15 countries are known) might be associated not only with its introduction into controlled trials, but also with the current popularity of alternative and even esoteric medicine methods with the penetration of those, at times, into conventional medicine.

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“…Physical activity regularly improves the body's growth as well as development thus beneficially affecting social, psychological, mental as well as physical health which also contributes to learning [3]. Placebo & nocebo are also among the factors with their effects still waiting to be estimated and researched with placebo signifying positive beneficial effects [4]. Placebos, inactive substances, or processes that have no pharmacological impact, are becoming more and more popular in a variety of fields including clinical trials, where they are employed to assess the efficacy of various treatments [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Placebo - a strategy to improve physical fitness of normal adolescents: a randomized control trial

Ahmar,

Abbasi,

Batool

et al. 2024

T Rehabili. J.

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Background: The capacity of the placebo effect to affect a range of physiological and psychological characteristics, including strength, endurance, and pain perception. Its use for teenage physical fitness, however, is still largely unknown. Objective: To determine the effects of placebo drink administration on physical fitness among normal-weight adolescents compared to plain water. Methods: This randomized control trial with n=60 adolescents aged 10-19 years, of both genders and normal weight was conducted at Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad from May 2021 to August 2021. Randomization was performed using the envelope method dividing the sample into an experimental group who were given a placebo drink (water + red food colour) and a control group who were given water. Tools used for data collection included the Physical Activity of Leisure Motivation Scale for motivation level determination, the Physical Activity Questionnaire, and four fitness tests including 20 m running, a broad jump, a reach test, and a reduced cooper test. Results: Post-intervention results revealed a significant difference in means for experimental and control groups for reduced Cooper test (P=0.003), pulse rate (p=0.033), and exertion level (p<0.001). post- intervention palms score revealed significantly better results in the experimental group for mastery (p=0.004) physical (p=0.008) and psychological levels (p<0.001). the results also indicate that the experimental group showed a more significant mean difference regarding the affiliation subscale with (p<0.001) and total PALMS score (p<0.001). Conclusion: Administered placebo drink boosts physical performance by increasing motivational levels and decreasing the exertion of normal-weight adolescents. Keywords: Adolescent; exercise; health; heart rate; placebo; physical fitness; water. IRCT # 20211052405138N1

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Medical practice and placebo response: an inseparable bond?

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Magnitude of the Placebo Response Across Treatment Modalities Used for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Adults

Magnitude of the Placebo Response Across Treatment Modalities Used for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Adults

Historical milestones of the invention and use of placebo

A Placebo - a strategy to improve physical fitness of normal adolescents: a randomized control trial

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