Medical security and catastrophic health expenditures among households containing persons with disabilities in Korea: a longitudinal population-based study

Choi, Jae Woo; Shin, Jaeyong; Cho, Kyung Hee; Nam, Jin Young; Kim, Ju‐Young; Lee, Sang Kyu

doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0406-9

Cited by 15 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Even in countries where cash benefits exist for the provision of informal care, such as in Germany, France and Sweden [94], any information about the benefit amounts or co-payments are not provided. The most approximate studies are focused on health expenditures for individuals with chronic diseases [35,36] or disabilities [37][38][39]. The literature states that the annual OOP health care payments (including emergency, inpatient, outpatient and prescription drugs payments) for households with disabled members (those who most need LTC) is $1465 US or 1.29 times higher than households without disabled members.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are also studies from Latin America [31] and Brazil [32], as well as two recent studies conducted in Portugal [33] and Greece [34]. OOP payments have also been studied for specific subsamples, such as care for the chronically ill [35,36] and disabled persons [37][38][39]. A recent systematic review concluded that when formal fees are introduced, protection against catastrophic health care payments is needed for the most vulnerable groups [40]; however, to our knowledge, no study has focused on payments allocated to long-term care services.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shadow and extended shadow cost sharing associated to informal long-term care: the case of Spain

et al. 2020

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Background: A large part of the long-term care is provided by non-professional caregivers, generally without any monetary payment but a value economic of time invested. The economic relevance of informal caregivers has been recognized in Spain; however, public provision may still be scarce. The objective of this paper is to estimate the economic burden associated with informal long-term care that should assume the families through a new concept of cost sharing that consider opportunity costs of time provided by informal caregivers. Methods: The study sample includes all dependent adults in Spain. Socioeconomic information and the number of hours of informal care was collected through the Spanish Disability and Dependency Survey. The terms of shadow and extended shadow cost sharing were defined as the difference between the maximum potential amount of money that families could receive for the provision of informal care and the amount that actually they received and the value of informal care time with respect to the amount received, respectively. Results: 53.87% of dependent persons received an economic benefit associated to informal care. The average weekly hours of care were 71.59 (92.62 without time restrictions). Shadow cost sharing amounted to, on average, two thirds, whereas the State financed the remaining third. In terms of extended shadow cost sharing, the State financed between 3% and 10% of informal care provided by caregivers. Conclusions: This study reveals the deficient support received for the provision of informal care in Spain. More than 90% of informal care time is not covered by the economic benefits that families receive from the State.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shadow and extended shadow cost sharing associated to informal long-term care: the case of Spain

et al. 2020

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“…In most studies, disability is significantly related to lower labor participation rates (Kidd, Sloane, and Ferko, 2000;Gannon, 2009;Bound, Schoenbaum, Stinebrickner, and Waidman, 1999;McCauley, 2019), lower employment rates (Baldwin and Johnson, 1994;Jones, 2017;Bown and Freund, 2019), lower education levels (Perri, 1984;Karmel and Nguyen, 2008;Simo Fotso, Solaz, Diene, and Tsafack-Nanfosso, 2018), lower wages (Kidd, Sloane, and Ferko, 2000;Baldwin and Johnson, 1994;Johnson and Lambrinos, 1985;Haveman and Wolfe, 1990;Jones, 2017;Meyer and Mok, 2019), higher medical expenditures (Rice and LaPlante, 1992;Palmer, Groce, Mont, Nguyen, and Mitra, 2015;Choi, Shin, Cho, Kim, and Lee, 2016), and lower economic well-being (Mizunga and Mitra, 2012;Haveman and Wolfe, 1990;Palmer, Groce, Mont, Nguyen, and Mitra, 2015;Meyer and Mok, 2019).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Turkish policy reform on labor force status of disabled males: A difference-in-difference analysis

Öncel

Karaoglan

2022

Panoeconomicus

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This paper aims to study the effect of a Turkish policy reform enacted in 2008 that requires firms to hire disabled applicants. Our attention is only on males to avoid complications arising from gender differences in disability and labor force participation. The data is from the Turkey Health Survey (THS) of the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) for the years 2008 and 2012. We define ?disability? as an impairment of long-term health conditions that lasts more than six months and that restricts the individual in daily activities. We use difference-in-difference (DD) estimation, in which the DD estimator is the difference between disabled and nondisabled individuals in the difference in labor force participation before and after the new policy. The results suggest an insignificant effect of the treatment on the treated, implying that the policy reform does not create any incentive for disabled males to participate in the labor force.

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“…However, those analyzing the effects of OPP payments or health insurance on LTC are more limited in number although interest in this issue is growing. Some studies have analyzed OOP payments for specific components of health care such as the chronically ill [34,35] and the disabled population [36][37][38]. In addition, a study across the OECD has measured the protection of long-term care and differences between countries.…”

Section: Documented In the Case Of Private Health Insurance Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial catastrophism inherent with out-of-pocket payments in long term care for households: a latent impoverishment

Rubio

García

Sotos

2019

Preprint

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Background Out-of-pocket (OOP) payments are configured as an important source of financing long-term care (LTC). However, very few studies have analyzed the risk of impoverishment and catastrophic effects of OOP in LTC. Objective To estimate the contribution of users to the financing of LTC and to analyze the economic consequences for households in terms of impoverishment and catastrophism. Data and Methods The data base which was used is 2008 Spanish Disability and Dependency Survey, projected to 2012. We analyze the OOP payments effect associated to the impoverishment of households comparing volume and financial situation before and after OOP payment. At the same time, the extent to which OOP payment had led to catastrophism was analyzed using different thresholds. Results The results show that contribution of dependent people to the financing of the services they receive exceeds by 50% the costs of these services. This expenditure entails an increase in the number of households that live below the poverty. In terms of catastrophism, more than 80% of households dedicate more than 10% of their income to dependency OOP payments. In annual terms, the catastrophe gap generated by devoting more than 10% of the household income to dependent care OOP payment reached €3,955, 1 million (0,38% of GDP). Conclusion This article informs about consequences of OOP in LCT and supplements previous research that focus on health. Our results should serve to develop strategic for protection against the financial risk resulting from facing the costs of a situation of dependence.

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Medical security and catastrophic health expenditures among households containing persons with disabilities in Korea: a longitudinal population-based study

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Shadow and extended shadow cost sharing associated to informal long-term care: the case of Spain

Shadow and extended shadow cost sharing associated to informal long-term care: the case of Spain

Impact of Turkish policy reform on labor force status of disabled males: A difference-in-difference analysis

Financial catastrophism inherent with out-of-pocket payments in long term care for households: a latent impoverishment

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