“…Interest in the political economy of health revived in 1970s, when the dependency theory was put forward by Doyal and Pennell (1976), Elling (1976Elling ( , 1977Elling ( , 1978, Frankenberg and Leeson (1973), Kelman (1971Kelman ( , 1975, Lichtman (1971), Rossdale (1965) and Waitzkin (1978). Works of A. G. Frank (1969Frank ( , 1972, W. Rodney (1974) and Wallerstein's world systems theory (1974) were an advanced version of the same theoretical concept, where underdevelopment means the transfer of wealth by exploiting periphery and semi-periphery by core countries which encourages rapid scientific development so that Western medicine and other scientific institutions could surpass underdeveloped countries of the world (Gish, 1979).…”