Medical Therapy of Patients Contaminated with Radioactive Cesium or Iodine

Aaseth, Jan; Nurchi, Valeria Marina; Andersen, Ole

doi:10.3390/biom9120856

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Food must also come from areas not contaminated by radioactivity. In cases of strong accidental ingestion of this radionuclide, the chelating action of the "Prussian blue" has been indicated [55,56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cesium in Biology, Pancreatic Cancer, and Controversy in High and Low Radiation Exposure Damage—Scientific, Environmental, Geopolitical, and Economic Aspects

Venturi

2021

IJERPH

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Radionuclide contamination in terrestrial ecosystems has reached a dangerous level. The major artificial radionuclide present in the environment is cesium-137 (137-Cs). In humans, animals, and plants cesium ion (Cs+) behaves like potassium ion (K+) and it is localized mainly inside the cells. Pancreas and salivary glands secrete Cs in the intestine thus eliminating about 14% of ingested Cs with the feces, the remaining 86% is eliminated by the kidney with the urine. Ingested radiocesium can also cause in humans several cases of pancreatitis with secondary diabetes (type 3c), which are both on the rise in the world. The Author studied the correlation between the geographical map of mortality from pancreatic cancer (PC) and the map of nuclear plant accidents, atomic bomb testing, and radioactive fallout. The worldwide death rate of PC is increasing, but the exact cause is still not known. Published data in medical literature at World, European and Italian levels are reviewed and compared. 137-Cs, with a half-life of about 30 years, is still present in the environment for about 300–600 years. Autoradiographic studies in mice have shown that 137-Cs is concentrated in greater quantity in the pancreas, particularly in exocrine cells, where most malignant PCs originate. Some methods of radiocesium removal and PC prevention are also suggested. But there is still a persistent, and not entirely disinterested, the controversy between damage from high and low exposure to ionizing radiations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cesium in Biology, Pancreatic Cancer, and Controversy in High and Low Radiation Exposure Damage—Scientific, Environmental, Geopolitical, and Economic Aspects

Venturi

2021

IJERPH

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“…This approach was first developed not for the treatment of metal overload, but for sequestering bile acids to prohibit their recycling to in result reduce blood cholesterol levels as bile acids are cholesterol metabolites [126,127]. Inorganic metal-chelating materials can be also used in this way; for example, Prussian blue is stockpiled as 137 Cs radionuclide antidote sequestrant for the case of nuclear reactor accidents [128].…”

Section: Polymers With Bound Chelators To Be Applied Orallymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chelators for Treatment of Iron and Copper Overload: Shift from Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds to Polymers

et al. 2021

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Iron and copper are essential micronutrients needed for the proper function of every cell. However, in excessive amounts, these elements are toxic, as they may cause oxidative stress, resulting in damage to the liver and other organs. This may happen due to poisoning, as a side effect of thalassemia infusion therapy or due to hereditary diseases hemochromatosis or Wilson’s disease. The current golden standard of therapy of iron and copper overload is the use of low-molecular-weight chelators of these elements. However, these agents suffer from severe side effects, are often expensive and possess unfavorable pharmacokinetics, thus limiting the usability of such therapy. The emerging concepts are polymer-supported iron- and copper-chelating therapeutics, either for parenteral or oral use, which shows vivid potential to keep the therapeutic efficacy of low-molecular-weight agents, while avoiding their drawbacks, especially their side effects. Critical evaluation of this new perspective polymer approach is the purpose of this review article.

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“…KI (potassium iodide) blocks radioactive iodine from entering the thyroid. Stable iodine is most effective if given less than 12 h prior or up to 2 h after radioiodine exposure (11,42). Potassium iodide can be given either in tablet form or as a supersaturated solution (dosage for adult > 70 kg, 130 mg of KI) and a single dose of stable iodine is sufficient.…”

Section: Examples Of Drugs Currently Used In Decorporation Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The daily dose in adults is 3 g for at least 30 days. Dosage can vary between countries (11,45).The duration of therapy is guided by the amount of radioactive cesium or thallium that is being removed. Prussian blue reduces the biological half-life of cesium from about 110 days to about 30 days (46).…”

Section: Examples Of Drugs Currently Used In Decorporation Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of radiological contamination: a review

Bodin¹,

Ménétrier²

2021

J. Radiol. Prot.

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After nuclear accidents, people can be contaminated internally via ingestion, inhalation and via intact skin or wounds. The assessment of absorbed, committed doses after internal exposure is based on activity measurement by in vivo or in vitro bioassay. Estimation of dose following internal contamination is dependent on understanding the nature and form of the radionuclide. Direct counting methods that directly measure γ-rays coming from within the body or bioassay methods that measure the amount of radioactive materials in urine or feces are used to estimate the intake, which is required for calculating internal exposure doses. The interpretation of these data in terms of intake and the lifetime committed dose requires knowledge or making assumptions about a number of parameters (time, type of exposure, route of the exposure, physical, biological and chemical characteristics) and their biokinetics inside the body. Radioactive materials incorporated into the body emit radiation within the body. Accumulation in some specific organs may occur depending on the types of radioactive materials. Decorporation therapy is that acceleration of the natural rate of elimination of the contaminant will reduce the amount of radioactivity retained in the body. This article presents an overview of treatment of radiological contamination after internal contamination.

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Medical Therapy of Patients Contaminated with Radioactive Cesium or Iodine

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Cesium in Biology, Pancreatic Cancer, and Controversy in High and Low Radiation Exposure Damage—Scientific, Environmental, Geopolitical, and Economic Aspects

Cesium in Biology, Pancreatic Cancer, and Controversy in High and Low Radiation Exposure Damage—Scientific, Environmental, Geopolitical, and Economic Aspects

Chelators for Treatment of Iron and Copper Overload: Shift from Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds to Polymers

Treatment of radiological contamination: a review

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