Medication-Assisted Treatment in Problem-solving Courts: A National Survey of State and Local Court Coordinators

Farago, Fanni; Blue, Thomas R.; Smith, Lindsay; Witte, James C.; Gordon, Michael S.; Taxman, Faye S.

doi:10.1177/00220426221109948

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Due to the timing of these questions, only a limited number of participants accessed the version of the survey with COVID-19 questions for the last five months of data collection. For this research note, we will only analyze data from the responses to the PSC coordinator survey that included the COVID-19 questions to examine shifting operations of local courts due to COVID-19; Faragó and colleagues (2022) report on the overall study findings. A convenience sample of 82 local courts located in 10 states answered specific questions about their COVID-19 operations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pandemic Procedures: Adapting Problem-Solving Court (PSC) Operations and Treatment Protocols During COVID-19

Smith

Farago

Witte

et al. 2022

Journal of Drug Issues

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With an ongoing pandemic claiming hundreds of lives a day, it is unclear how COVID-19 has affected court operations, particularly problem-solving courts (PSCs) which have goals rooted in rehabilitation for participants in their programs. Even with practical recommendations from national organizations directing courts on how to manage COVID-19, whether and how PSCs met the needs of PSC participants during this time is underexplored. This study, drawn from a larger national study using a survey of PSC coordinators, examines the COVID-19 responses of PSCs to remain safely operational for participants. A sub-sample of survey respondents (n = 82 PSC coordinators) detailed how the COVID-19 pandemic led to changes to their court and treatment operations amidst the constraints of the pandemic. The courts’ shifts in policy and practice have important impacts for court participants’ treatment retention and success in the PSC program, and these shifts need more in-depth research in the future.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pandemic Procedures: Adapting Problem-Solving Court (PSC) Operations and Treatment Protocols During COVID-19

Smith

Farago

Witte

et al. 2022

Journal of Drug Issues

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“…For example, a recent study surveyed state prisons in states with disproportionate opioid overdose mortality and found that while all prison systems within the states surveyed reported offering at least one medication to treat OUD, only 7% of the 538 individual prisons within the states offered all three medication types (methadone, buprenorphine and naltrexone); 61% of the 538 prisons did not offer any type of MOUD [72]. A recent study on medications used in a nationally representative same of 832 problem solving courts reported that while 86% of the courts would authorize the use of medications, only 14% of those with an opioid use disorder were on MOUD [20]. Other models employing evidence-based cognitivebehavioral treatment (CBT are in place, including in the Federal Bureau of Prisons' non-residential treatment program (a 12-week course for those serving short sentences and/or who are transitioning back to the community as part of their SUD treatment, Federal Bureau of Prisons, n.d.).…”

Section: Limitations Of Political and Policymaking Leadership: Implic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Providing substance use disorder treatment in correctional settings: knowledge gaps and proposed research priorities—overview and commentary

Zaller

Gorvine

Ross³

et al. 2022

Addict Sci Clin Pract

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This manuscript is the product of the authors’ discussions, literature overview, and consultation with experts in the field, and identifies important gaps in the evidence base for substance use disorder (SUD) treatment effectiveness within criminal justice (CJ) settings. Lacking from the extant literature are longitudinal investigations of treatment related outcomes during and after incarceration. Such studies could provide rich contextual data about treatment delivery and effectiveness across the CJ continuum, and would provide important insight into individual characteristics (e.g., motivation, treatment modality preferences, treatment completion rates, etc.) as well as institutional and environmental factors (e.g., appropriate staffing, space limitations for individual treatment sessions, distribution of medications, etc.). We also identified the importance of reproducibility within CJ research, and the unfortunate reality of too many single studies conducted in single (or relatively few) correctional facilities. Some of this has been because the studies designed to produce that evidence are not prioritized for funding, which has continually placed researchers in a position where we cannot make firm conclusions or recommendations based on available evidence. The importance of replicating the foundational studies in this field cannot be overstated. We hope this article spurs other researchers to join in the healthy process of questioning the existing state of the CJ-based SUD treatment research, what should be re-examined, and how we can lay a stronger foundation for the future.

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Factors Associated With the Availability of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in US Jails

Flanagan Balawajder,

Ducharme,

Taylor

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceIn 2023, more than 80 000 individuals died from an overdose involving opioids. With almost two-thirds of the US jail population experiencing a substance use disorder, jails present a key opportunity for providing lifesaving treatments, such as medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD).ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of MOUD in US jails and the association of jail- and county-level factors with MOUD prevalence using a national sample.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis survey study used a nationally representative cross-sectional survey querying 1028 jails from June 2022 to April 2023 on their provision of substance use disorder treatment services. The survey was conducted via mail, phone, and the internet. County-level data were linked to survey data, and binary logistic regressions were conducted to assess the probability that a jail offered any treatment and MOUD. A stratified random sample of 2791 jails identified by federal lists of all jails in the US was invited to participate. Staff members knowledgeable about substance use disorder services available in the jail completed the survey.ExposuresUS Census region, urbanicity, jail size, jail health care model (direct employees or contracted), county opioid overdose rate, county social vulnerability (measured using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2020 Social Vulnerability Index summary ranking, which ranks counties based on 16 social factors), and access to treatment in the county were assessed.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAvailability of any type of substance use disorder treatment (eg, self-help meetings), availability of MOUD (ie, buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone) to at least some individuals, and availability of MOUD to any individual with an OUD were assessed.ResultsOf 2791 invited jails, 1028 jails participated (36.8% response rate). After merging the sample with county data, 927 jails were included in analysis, representative of 3157 jails nationally after weighting; most were from nonmetropolitan counties (‭1756 jails [55.6%; 95% CI, 52.3%-59.0%]) and had contracted health care services (1886 jails [59.7%; 95% CI, 56.5%-63.0%]); fewer than half of these jails (1383 jails [43.8%; 95% CI, 40.5%-47.1%]) offered MOUD to at least some individuals, and 405 jails (12.8%; 95% CI, 10.7% to 14.9%) offered MOUD to anyone with an OUD. Jails located in counties with lower social vulnerability (adjusted odds ratio per 1-percentile increase = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.19-0.40) and shorter mean distances to the nearest facility providing MOUD (adjusted odds ratio per 1-SD increase, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.72-0.88) were more likely to offer MOUD.Conclusions and relevanceIn this study, few jails indicated offering frontline treatments despite being well positioned to reach individuals with an OUD. These findings suggest that efforts and policies to increase MOUD availability in jails and the surrounding community may be associated with helping more individuals receive treatment.

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Medication-Assisted Treatment in Problem-solving Courts: A National Survey of State and Local Court Coordinators

Cited by 7 publications

References 51 publications

Pandemic Procedures: Adapting Problem-Solving Court (PSC) Operations and Treatment Protocols During COVID-19

Pandemic Procedures: Adapting Problem-Solving Court (PSC) Operations and Treatment Protocols During COVID-19

Providing substance use disorder treatment in correctional settings: knowledge gaps and proposed research priorities—overview and commentary

Factors Associated With the Availability of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in US Jails

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