Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of medication reconciliation by pharmacists at both admission and discharge in hospitalized patients with different kidney diseases. Methods: A prospective study was performed in adult nephrology wards of a teaching referral hospital in Iran from September 2020 to March 2021. All patients hospitalized in the nephrology ward for at least 1 day who received the minimum of one medication during their ward stay within the study period were considered eligible. Medication reconciliation was performed by taking a best-possible medication history from eligible patients during the first 24 h of ward admission. Medications were evaluated for possible intentional as well as unintentional discrepancies. Results: Here, 178 patients at admission and 134 patients at discharge were included. The mean numbers of unintentional drug discrepancies for each patient at admission and discharge were 6.13 ± 4.13 and 1.63 ± 1.94, respectively. The mean ± SD numbers of prescribed medications for patients before ward admission detected by the nurse/physician and pharmacist were 6.06 ± 3.53 and 9.22 ± 4.71, respectively (p = 0.0001). The number of unintentional discrepancies at admission and discharge had a significant correlation with the number of drugs used and underlying diseases. The number of unintentional discrepancies at admission was also correlated with patients’ age. The number of comorbidities was significantly associated with the number of unintentional medication discrepancies at both admission and discharge. At the time of ward discharge, all patients were given medication consultations. Conclusions: The rate of reconciliation errors was high in the adult nephrology ward. The active contribution of pharmacists in the process of medication reconciliation can be significantly effective in identifying these errors.
