Medication-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children

Tjon, James; Teoh, Chia Wei

doi:10.1007/s40124-020-00223-8

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…This inflammation can gradually extend to fiberize the kidney tissues as well. A study by Tjon and Teoh (2020) indicated that glomerulonephritis and interstitial nephritis are significant inflammation forms that tend to induce renal toxicity and disturb normal kidney functioning 25 . While glomerulonephritis is associated with injury in the glomerular portion of the nephron, interstitial nephritis is associated with swollen spaces between the kidney tubules 3 .…”

Section: Nephron Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Review

Khalaf¹,

Althanoon²

2022

Iraqi J. Pharm.

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Background: Nephrotoxicity is referred to as rapid degeneration in kidney functioning due to the toxic effects of medications. The glomerulus and proximal renal tubule are the fundamental portions of the nephron to be affected by drugs leading to nephrotoxicity. Prescribed medications like antibiotics (aminoglycoside, and vancomycin), amphotericin B, antidepressants (amitriptyline, fluoxetine), acyclovir, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, Angiotensin receptor blockers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cocaine, statins, antihistamines (Diphenhydramine), and sulfonamides can result in specific outcomes relative to nephrotoxicity, such as renal injury, inflammation, platelet aggregation, cell cytotoxicity, thrombosis, reduced renal blood flow, and crystal precipitation result in nephrotoxicity. Objective: we aimed to review the various pathogenic mechanisms responsible for drug-induced nephrotoxicity including, altered intra-glomerular hemodynamics, tubular cell toxicity, renal inflammation, crystal nephropathy, rhabdomyolysis, and thrombotic microangiopathy. The review also highlights risk factors related to the patient and the drugs being prescribed. The majority of the nephrotoxicity risk factors depend on the patients' age, gender, pre-existing renal insufficiency, drug dosage, and hypersensitivity to drug toxicity. Methods: We have searched the different databases to recruit published material mainly focusing on Pubmed, GoogleScholars, and Iraqi Virtual Science Library. Conclusion: To sum up, the review explains the necessity of evaluating nephrotoxicity, drug dosage, and risk factors as primary preventive measures to avoid drug-induced Nephrotoxicity.

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Section: Nephron Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Review

Khalaf¹,

Althanoon²

2022

Iraqi J. Pharm.

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“…Pediatric cardiologists and hepatologists caring for patients with chronic heart and liver failure, respectively, should be cognizant of the potential risk of AKI when selecting antimicrobials and choose dosing/administration strategies that minimize toxicity to the kidneys [21]. Furthermore, clinicians should consider monitoring practices that can mitigate toxicity and include monitoring of kidney function, urine output, and hydration status in high-risk patients.…”

Section: Nephrotoxic Medicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kidney disease in children with heart or liver transplant

Kirpalani

Teoh

et al. 2021

Pediatr Nephrol

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Over the past few decades, there has been increasing recognition of kidney disease in children with non-kidney solid organ transplantation. The risk of kidney disease in children undergoing heart or liver transplantation is higher than the general population as the underlying disease and its associated management may directly impair kidney function. Both heart and liver failures contribute to hypoperfusion and kidney ischemia before patients reach the point of transplant. The transplant surgery itself can often be complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI), which may be further exacerbated by a complicated postoperative course. In the short-and long-term post-transplant period, these children are at risk of acute illness, exposed to nephrotoxic medications, and susceptible to rare but severe infections and immunologic insults that may contribute to AKI and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In some, CKD can progress to kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT). CKD and KFRT are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in this patient population. Therefore, it is critical to monitor for and recognize the risk factors for kidney injury in this population and mitigate these risks. In this paper, the authors provide an overview of kidney disease pertaining to heart and liver transplantation in children with guidance on monitoring, diagnosis, prevention, and management.

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