Medicinal Attributes of American Elderberry

Thomas, Andrew L.; Byers, Patrick L.; Vincent, P. Leszek D.; Applequist, Wendy L.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44930-8_5

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Native to eastern and midwestern North America, AE is increasingly cultivated for its fruits and flowers that are used in a variety of foods, jellies, syrups, wines, and more importantly, dietary supplement products [ 2 ]. Elderberry is known for its nutritional and medicinal health benefits [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The fruit is rich in carbohydrates, fatty acids, organic acids, minerals, vitamins (A, B6 and C), essential oils, and is high in fiber [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanogenic Glycoside Analysis in American Elderberry

et al. 2021

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Cyanogenic glycosides (CNGs) are naturally occurring plant molecules (nitrogenous plant secondary metabolites) which consist of an aglycone and a sugar moiety. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is released from these compounds following enzymatic hydrolysis causing potential toxicity issues. The presence of CNGs in American elderberry (AE) fruit, Sambucus nigra (subsp. canadensis), is uncertain. A sensitive, reproducible and robust LC-MS/MS method was developed and optimized for accurate identification and quantification of the intact glycoside. A complimentary picrate paper test method was modified to determine the total cyanogenic potential (TCP). TCP analysis was performed using a camera-phone and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. A method validation was conducted and the developed methods were successfully applied to the assessment of TCP and quantification of intact CNGs in different tissues of AE samples. Results showed no quantifiable trace of CNGs in commercial AE juice. Levels of CNGs found in various fruit tissues of AE cultivars studied ranged from between 0.12 and 6.38 µg/g. In pressed juice samples, the concentration range measured was 0.29–2.36 µg/mL and in seeds the levels were 0.12–2.38 µg/g. TCP was highest in the stems and green berries. Concentration levels in all tissues were generally low and at a level that poses no threat to consumers of fresh and processed AE products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanogenic Glycoside Analysis in American Elderberry

et al. 2021

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“…canadensis (L.) Bolli] is a rapidly developing specialty crop grown commercially in eastern and midwestern North America (Charlebois et al 2010). Although elderberry wines, syrups, and jams are commonly produced and sold, the primary contemporary markets comprise a plethora of dietary supplements made from both fruit and flowers and consumed for their proven health benefits (Thomas et al 2020), particularly brain health (Chuang et al 2014;Simonyi et al 2015). Although some technical aspects of American elderberry production have been developed (Appenteng et al 2021;Finn et al 2008;Thomas et al 2023Thomas et al , 2015a, it remains a nascent specialty crop that requires more basic research to improve production and reduce risks incurred by both new and established producers.…”

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Soil Nitrogen Fertility Influences the Growth and Yield of American Elderberry but Is Less Impactful than Genotype and Environment on Other Horticultural Characteristics

Thomas,

Rottinghaus,

Dela Libera Tres

et al. 2024

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A long-term horticultural experiment was conducted at two geographically distinct sites in southern Missouri in 2011–15 to study the response of American elderberry [Sambucus nigra (L.) subsp. canadensis (L.) Bolli] to various soil nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels. Three commercially available elderberry cultivars (‘Adams II’, ‘Bob Gordon’, and ‘Wyldewood’) were used. The three cultivars were each assigned to 16 of 48 four-plant plots in a completely randomized manner at each site. Four replications of four N fertilizer treatments (0, 56, 112, 169 kg⋅ha−1 N) were randomly assigned to each cultivar’s plots and applied for 4 years (2012–15). Fruit yields, plant growth, phenology, and pest incidence were determined each year. Fruit quality was assessed by analyzing basic juice characteristics as well as organic acids, carbohydrates, anthocyanins, and polyphenols from 2012–14 samples. Leaf tissue analysis determined the plants’ mineral contents in 2012–14. Most factors evaluated were significantly affected by site, year, and cultivar, whereas the effects of N fertilizer treatment were less definitive. Fruit yields and plant growth increased with increasing N levels. For example, plants fertilized with 0, 56, 112, and 169 kg⋅ha−1 N produced 123, 137, 155, and 161 fruiting cymes per plot (5.8 m2), respectively. The eriophyid mite incidence was higher on fertilized plants, but other pests were not influenced by the N treatment. Basic fruit juice characteristics (soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, polyphenols) were not influenced by the N treatment, whereas total anthocyanins were statistically higher in unfertilized plants. Levels of organic acids and carbohydrates in juice varied statistically among N treatments, but patterns were difficult to discern. Leaf N concentrations were correlated with N fertilizer levels—2.75% N with the highest fertilizer level compared with 2.55% N in unfertilized plants. Leaf levels of most other macronutrients varied, but consistent patterns did not emerge, and none of the micronutrients was different among N treatments. Although elderberry plants responded positively to increased N fertilizer levels in terms of plant growth and fruit yield, genetics (cultivar) and environment (site, year) were more influential on most other experimental factors evaluated.

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Use of Elder (Sambucus Nigra L.) in the Food Industry: State and Further Prospects. Over-View

Burak¹

2022

JCPRM

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A steady trend towards a healthy lifestyle contributes to a significant increase in consumer demand for natural food products for functional and preventive purposes. Such products have a balanced chemical composition, provide a balanced diet, promote health, improve physical and mental performance, increase the body's resistance to adverse environmental influences. In order to meet the needs of the consumer, the food industry develops new food products and makes changes to the recipes of traditional products. Over the past decades, many natural sources of raw materials have been explored that can significantly increase the nutritional value of food products and fully replace synthetic food additives. Numerous studies confirm that black elder (Sambucus nigra L.) has high antioxidant activity and is a good source of many important biologically active compounds. Therefore, in many countries, elderberry is used in the food industry as a raw material and food additive. The high content of anthocyanins, as well as other polyphenols and vitamins in elderberry, confirms that it can be used not only as a dye, but also as an antioxidant. Due to the presence of bioactive compounds in elderberry, its use in food production as a raw material component will allow obtaining functional products with a high antioxidant capacity. However, it is necessary to study and correctly use the required amount of elderberry additive and the technology of adding elderberries to food in order to ensure a positive effect on the nutritional and technological properties of the finished food product, without worsening the organoleptic characteristics of food products. The purpose of this article is to review the main biologically active compounds present in elderberry, as well as its potential use in the food industry.

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Medicinal Attributes of American Elderberry

Cited by 5 publications

References 94 publications

Cyanogenic Glycoside Analysis in American Elderberry

Cyanogenic Glycoside Analysis in American Elderberry

Soil Nitrogen Fertility Influences the Growth and Yield of American Elderberry but Is Less Impactful than Genotype and Environment on Other Horticultural Characteristics

Use of Elder (Sambucus Nigra L.) in the Food Industry: State and Further Prospects. Over-View

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