Medicinal chemistry perspective of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines as anticancer agents

Abstract

Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines against various types of cancer.

Selection and Characterization of DNA Aptamers for Cytidine and Uridine

“…For example, they serve as second messengers, [1] mediate bacterial immunity, [2] affect neural development, [3] and act as anticancer agents. [4] Cytidine was proposed to be an antidepressant drug. [5] In humans, cytidine is quickly converted by cytidine deaminase to uridine, and uridine is a key intermediate in pyrimidine metabolism.…”

“…At the same time, these pyrimidines are also important biological molecules. For example, they serve as second messengers, [1] mediate bacterial immunity, [2] affect neural development, [3] and act as anticancer agents [4] . Cytidine was proposed to be an antidepressant drug [5] .…”

Mechanism for the long afterglow in Eu2O3 and Nd2O3 co-doped SrAl2O4 single crystals

“…Because such materials are stable, environmentally benign, and can remain luminous for a long time, they have a wide range of applications, including use in emergency signs, architectural decoration, crafts, etc. 4,5 and more recently they have also been used in photocatalysis, [6][7][8][9] as biomarkers, 10,11 and have potential applications in other high-technology fields. 12,13 The most studied material with long residual luminescence is Eu 2+ and Dy 3+ co-doped SrAl 2 O 4 , 14 which has a monoclinic structure in which Sr 2+ occupies two nonequivalent sites.…”

Exploring the Antiproliferative Potency of Pyrido[2,3‐d]Pyrimidine Derivatives: Studies on Design, Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation, SAR, Docking, and DFT Calculations

“…Compound II demonstrated exceptional anti-cancer properties against cells of prostate cancer (PC-3) and lung cancer cells (A-549), and the fused triazolopyridopyrimidine III was found to have an effect on both cell lines, resulting in cell cycle arrest through the upregulation of the cell cycle inhibitor p21, as well as cancer cell death by activating caspase-3 Figure 2. [16] Due to the aforementioned facts, it is desirable to synthesize a novel series of compounds structurally containing heterocyclic rings conjugated with pyrimidine moiety which may have remarkable chemotherapeutic potencies since various pyrido [2,3-d]pyrimidines and pyrido [2,3-d] [1,2,4]triazolo [4,3a]pyrimidines were reported to display antitumor properties through the inhibition of different enzymes that involved in carcinogenesis cases. [17] As shown in Figure 3, Pyrido [2,3-d]pyrimidines and pyrido [2,3-d] [1,2,4]triazolo [4,3-a]pyrimidines IV, V are considered prominent examples of pyrimidine derivatives with remarkable inhibitory activity against various kinases.…”

“…For example, The Drug Administration and US Food have authorized the CDK4/6 inhibitor Palbociclib I , which is a very important drug used to treat breast cancer. Compound II demonstrated exceptional anti‐cancer properties against cells of prostate cancer (PC‐3) and lung cancer cells (A‐549), and the fused triazolopyridopyrimidine III was found to have an effect on both cell lines, resulting in cell cycle arrest through the upregulation of the cell cycle inhibitor p21, as well as cancer cell death by activating caspase‐3 Figure 2 [16] …”