Medicinal Properties of Fenugreek: A Review

Abstract

Background: Due to its numerous health benefits, fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is commonly used in Ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese medicine. Its leaves and seeds contain several compounds (e.g., alkaloids, amino acids, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, carbohydrates, vitamins, and other bioactive compounds). Fenugreek is used for reproductive health problems, hepatoprotective properties, and improved digestion. Studies have shown that it has anti-cancerous, cardioprotective, anti-sterility, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anti-helminthic, and neuroprotective properties. Various studies have been carried out on animals and humans to show the effectiveness of fenugreek against various diseases. Methods: This review focuses on studies and clinical trials to examine the effects of fenugreek on various diseases from 1990 to 2022, using popular databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Results: By altering the activity of metabolic enzymes, fenugreek stimulates insulin secretion, reduces blood sugar, and controls cholesterol synthesis. It enhances SOD, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and catalase activity to protect cellular organelles from oxidative stress. Fenugreek improves the gastric mucosa lining and secretion, which improves gastric ulcers and digestion. Fenugreek ameliorates menstrual cramps and significantly increases sperm cell counts and testosterone levels in males. Conclusion: Studies and clinical trials have shown the beneficial effects of fenugreek. Therefore, it could be used as a therapeutic agent against various disorders.