Medicine in the USA: historical vignettes. XXI. Medical practice: specialization

Ls, King

doi:10.1001/jama.251.10.1333

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Each surgeon certified by the ABNS continued to be a ‘surgeon’, but gained the additional designation of ‘neurosurgeon’. In subsequent years, the family of surgery grew as other groups of surgeons with distinct interests and special skills separated from surgery and formed independent societies, arranged conferences and established their own specialty boards [12, 13, 14]. However, many surgeons of the 1930s and 1940s held doggedly to the position that all surgeons were, by virtue of being surgeons, competent to operate on every area and organ of the body.…”

Section: Family Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apparently it was the implication that some surgeons were more skilled than others which aroused such hostile feelings. Then, and perhaps even now, some physicians see their certifying board,, in part, as a guild in which a key precept is that no one member or subgroup can seek advantage at the expense of other members by claiming special expertise [13]. …”

Section: Argument For Abortion or Infanticidementioning

confidence: 99%

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Pediatric Neurosurgery: Pride and Prejudice

Winston¹

2000

Pediatr Neurosurg

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Pediatric neurosurgery now exists as a member of the family of neurosurgery with its own training programs, process of accreditation, national and international conferences and scientific journals. The relentless expansion of science relevant to the practice of neurosurgery and the changing patterns of neurosurgical practice have driven and continue to drive the juggernaut of evolutionary process which sometimes necessitates the birth of new specialties of practice. The history and the development of neurosurgery as they relate to children are presented. There is no more reason to think that the established specialty of pediatric neurosurgery or the patients under the care of pediatric neurosurgeons would benefit from the collapsing of pediatric neurosurgery back into the general neurosurgical fold than to think that all of neurosurgery, and hence all patients cared for by neurosurgeons, would benefit from the return of organized neurosurgery to its general surgical parent. Just as mankind benefits from the steady advancement of all aspects of neurosurgery, children benefit from the existence and steady advancement of pediatric neurosurgery.

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Section: Family Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Argument For Abortion or Infanticidementioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Neurosurgery: Pride and Prejudice

Winston¹

2000

Pediatr Neurosurg

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The evolution of anaesthesia as a specialty in Canada

Shephard

1990

Can J Anesth

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Since 1847 anaesthesia in Canada has evolved through six phases. In the first (1847-1898), it was a craft without an academic and professional base. The second (1899-1919) was marked by the first academic appointments and by Canadians' wartime experiences of anaesthesia. The third phase (1920-1929) evidenced the professional satisfaction of anaesthesia and included the founding of the Canadian Society of Anaesthetists. In the fourth phase (1930-1943) the growth of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, the introduction of certification and the founding of the definitive professional society--the Canadian Anaesthetists' Society--fostered the evolution of what was now becoming a recognizable specialty. The fifth phase (1944-1971) was one of resolution of problems affecting the status of anaesthesia: the first autonomous department of anaesthesia in a Canadian university was founded (at McGill in 1945), the Royal College Fellowship was approved for anaesthesia (in 1951), the Canadian Anaesthetists' Society Journal was launched (in 1954) and a single standard for certification of specialists was finally established (in 1971). In the sixth (1972-1989), the main elements were the assumption of responsibility for residency training by the universities and by the renaming of the journal as the Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia. Through these years of increasing professionalism, it has, however, been the accomplishments of individual Canadian physicians, facing many challenges, that have made the specialty in Canada recognizably Canadian.

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Slamovits

1988

Survey of Ophthalmology

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Medicine in the USA: historical vignettes. XXI. Medical practice: specialization

Cited by 8 publications

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Pediatric Neurosurgery: Pride and Prejudice

Pediatric Neurosurgery: Pride and Prejudice

The evolution of anaesthesia as a specialty in Canada

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