Mediterranean Diet Improves High-Density Lipoprotein Function in High-Cardiovascular-Risk Individuals

Hernáez, Álvaro; Castañer, Olga; Elosúa, Roberto; Pintó, Xavier; Estruch, Ramón; Salas‐Salvadó, Jordi; Corella, Dolores; Arós, Fernando; Serra-Majem, Lluís; Fiol, Miquel; Ortega‐Calvo, Manuel; Ros, Emilio; Martínez‐González, Miguel Ángel; Torre, Rafael de la; López-Sabater, M. Carmen; Fitó, Montserrat

doi:10.1161/circulationaha.116.023712

Cited by 187 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Among factors which can modify CEC and HDL characteristics, besides VOO alone, we have reported that diets rich in VOO and antioxidants such as the Mediterranean diet have shown to increase the CEC together with improvements in HDL oxidative status, composition, ApoA‐I, and HDL particle size . Also, novel pharmaceutical approaches are being developed for improving HDL characteristics and functionality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of HDL Cholesterol Efflux Capacity after Virgin Olive Oil Ingestion: Interrelationships with Fluidity of HDL Monolayer

Fernández‐Castillejo¹,

Rubió²,

Hernáez

et al. 2017

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope Cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL (CEC) is inversely associated with cardiovascular risk. HDL composition, fluidity, oxidation, and size are related with CEC. We aimed to assess which HDL parameters were CEC determinants after virgin olive oil (VOO) ingestion. Methods and Results Post-hoc analyses from the VOHF study, a crossover intervention with three types of VOO. We assessed the relationship of 3-week changes in HDL-related variables after intervention periods with independence of the type of VOO. After univariate analyses, mixed linear models were fitted with variables related with CEC and fluidity. Fluidity and Apolipoprotein (Apo)A-I content in HDL was directly associated, and HDL oxidative status inversely, with CEC. A reduction in free cholesterol, an increase in triglycerides in HDL, and a decrease in small HDL particle number or an increase in HDL mean size, were associated to HDL fluidity. Conclusions HDL fluidity, ApoA-I concentration, and oxidative status are major determinants for CEC after VOO. The impact on CEC of changes in free cholesterol and triglycerides in HDL, and those of small HDL or HDL mean size, could be mechanistically linked through HDL fluidity. Our work points out novel therapeutic targets to improve HDL functionality in humans through nutritional or pharmacological interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of HDL Cholesterol Efflux Capacity after Virgin Olive Oil Ingestion: Interrelationships with Fluidity of HDL Monolayer

Fernández‐Castillejo¹,

Rubió²,

Hernáez

et al. 2017

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…Conversely, men who adhered to a “prudent” diet (consisting of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fish and poultry) have half the CVD risk of men on a “Western” diet (red meat, processed meat, refined grains, sweets and dairy products). 172 Similarly, in the PREDIMED trial in which 7447 persons were followed for 4.8 years, a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts improved the atheroprotective effects of HDL 173 , delayed atherogenesis 174 , and reduced the incidence of major cardiovascular events (HR=0.7), 175 further underscoring the profound influence of diet on CVD risk and outcomes.…”

Section: The Personal Environmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Environmental Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease

Bhatnagar

2017

Circulation Research

432

268

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Many features of the environment have been found to exert an important influence on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, progression, and severity. Changes in the environment due to migration to different geographic locations, modifications in lifestyle choices, and shifts in social policies and cultural practices alter CVD risk, even in the absence of genetic changes. Nevertheless, the cumulative impact of the environment on CVD risk has been difficult to assess and the mechanisms by which some environment factors influence CVD remain obscure. Human environments are complex; and their natural, social and personal domains are highly variable due to diversity in human ecosystems, evolutionary histories, social structures, and individual choices. Accumulating evidence supports the notion that ecological features such as the diurnal cycles of light and day, sunlight exposure, seasons, and geographic characteristics of the natural environment such altitude, latitude and greenspaces are important determinants of cardiovascular health and CVD risk. In highly developed societies, the influence of the natural environment is moderated by the physical characteristics of the social environments such as the built environment and pollution, as well as by socioeconomic status and social networks. These attributes of the social environment shape lifestyle choices that significantly modify CVD risk. An understanding of how different domains of the environment, individually and collectively, affect CVD risk could lead to a better appraisal of CVD, and aid in the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies to limit the increasingly high global burden of heart disease and stroke.

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“…Only increases in the intake of polyphenol‐rich virgin olive oil (25 mL d –1 ), a lycopene‐rich diet, and a traditional Mediterranean diet have been reported to enhance HDL functions in clinical trials. Regarding the Mediterranean diet, our research group has demonstrated that adherence to this dietary pattern (associated with a high intake of virgin olive oil, nuts, fruit, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains, and a moderate consumption of fish and wine with meals) improved several HDL functions: it promoted cholesterol efflux capacity (their capacity to pick up cholesterol), HDL ability to esterify cholesterol (necessary for the effective transport of cholesterol in these lipoproteins), paraoxonase‐1 activity (PON1, a key HDL‐bound antioxidant enzyme), and HDL capacity to promote endothelial release of nitric oxide, and decreased the activity of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP, pro‐atherogenic when excessively active) . The food items individually responsible for such effects (within the context of a healthy dietary pattern such as this or others), however, remain to be elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Consumption of Virgin Olive Oil, Nuts, Legumes, Whole Grains, and Fish Promotes HDL Functions in Humans

Hernáez

Sanllorente

Castañer

et al. 2019

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope To evaluate whether increases in the consumption of cardioprotective food groups (virgin olive oil, nuts, fruits/vegetables, legumes, whole grains, fish, and wine) are associated with improvements in high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) functions in high cardiovascular risk subjects. Methods and Results The association between 1‐year changes in food group consumption and HDL functionality traits in 296 high cardiovascular risk subjects is assessed. Increases in virgin olive oil (10 g d–1) and whole grain consumption (25 g d–1) are associated with increments in cholesterol efflux capacity (+0.7%, P = 0.026, and +0.6%, P = 0.017, respectively). Increases in nut (30 g d–1) and legume intake (25 g d–1) are linked to increments in paraoxonase‐1 activity (+12.2%, P = 0.049, and +11.7%, P = 0.043, respectively). Legume intake increases are also related to decreases in cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity (–4.8%, P = 0.028). Fish consumption increments (25 g d–1) are associated with increases in paraoxonase‐1 activity (+3.9%, P = 0.030) and declines in cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity (–1.6%, P = 0.021), HDL cholesterol concentrations (–1.1%, P = 0.039), and functions related to HDL levels (cholesterol efflux capacity, –1.1%, P = 0.010). Conclusion Increases in the consumption of virgin olive oil, nuts, legumes, whole grains, and fish (achievable through a regular diet) were associated with improvements in HDL functions in high cardiovascular risk subjects.

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Mediterranean Diet Improves High-Density Lipoprotein Function in High-Cardiovascular-Risk Individuals

Abstract: URL: http://www.controlled-trials.com. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639.

Cited by 187 publications

References 48 publications

Determinants of HDL Cholesterol Efflux Capacity after Virgin Olive Oil Ingestion: Interrelationships with Fluidity of HDL Monolayer

Determinants of HDL Cholesterol Efflux Capacity after Virgin Olive Oil Ingestion: Interrelationships with Fluidity of HDL Monolayer

Environmental Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease

Increased Consumption of Virgin Olive Oil, Nuts, Legumes, Whole Grains, and Fish Promotes HDL Functions in Humans

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