Mediterranean diet pyramid today. Science and cultural updates

Bach-Faig, Anna; Berry, Elliot M.; Lairon, Denis; Reguant, Joan; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Dernini, S.; Medina, F. Xavier; Battino, Maurizio; Belahsen, Rekia; Miranda, Gemma; Serra-Majem, Lluís

doi:10.1017/s1368980011002515

Cited by 1,402 publications

(1,204 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…MeDi, opposed to the Western diet, is characterized by the abundant consumption of plant foods such as vegetables, fruits, breads, potatoes, legumes, nuts, [160,161] AD = Alzheimer's disease; mTOR = mammalian target of rapamycin; Aβ = β-amyloid; Nrf2 = nuclear response factor 2 and seeds; olive oil as the source of fat; moderate amounts of dairy, fish, poultry, and eggs; low intake of red meats; and wine during normal meals [173,174,195]. The nutrients within the MeDi influence biological mechanisms affecting vascular, antioxidant, and inflammatory pathways [175,176].…”

Section: Systems Approaches For Ad Prevention and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting the Prodromal Stage of Alzheimer's Disease: Bioenergetic and Mitochondrial Opportunities

2015

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a complex and progressive neurodegenerative phenotype, with hypometabolism and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics among the earliest pathogenic events. Bioenergetic deficits are well documented in preclinical models of mammalian aging and AD, emerge early in the prodromal phase of AD, and in those at risk for AD. This review discusses the importance of early therapeutic intervention during the prodromal stage that precedes irreversible degeneration in AD. Mechanisms of action for current mitochondrial and bioenergetic therapeutics for AD broadly fall into the following categories: 1) glucose metabolism and substrate supply; 2) mitochondrial enhancers to potentiate energy production; 3) antioxidants to scavenge reactive oxygen species and reduce oxidative damage; 4) candidates that target apoptotic and mitophagy pathways to either remove damaged mitochondria or prevent neuronal death. Thus far, mitochondrial therapeutic strategies have shown promise at the preclinical stage but have had little-to-no success in clinical trials. Lessons learned from preclinical and clinical therapeutic studies are discussed. Understanding the bioenergetic adaptations that occur during aging and AD led us to focus on a systems biology approach that targets the bioenergetic system rather than a single component of this system. Bioenergetic system-level therapeutics personalized to bioenergetic phenotype would target bioenergetic deficits across the prodromal and clinical stages to prevent and delay progression of AD.

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Section: Systems Approaches For Ad Prevention and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting the Prodromal Stage of Alzheimer's Disease: Bioenergetic and Mitochondrial Opportunities

2015

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“…This is not more than two medium servings of red meat per week (approximately 200 grams a week; e.g., Bach-Faig et al, 2011). In fact, Europeans on average consume 51 grams per day of red meat (women consume an average of 33.1 grams per day).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlational study and randomised controlled trial for understanding and changing red meat consumption: The role of eating identities

Carfora

Caso

Conner

2017

Social Science & Medicine

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Rationale: The present studies aimed to contribute to the literature on psychological variables involved in reducing red meat consumption (RMC).Objective: Study 1 investigated whether the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), plus healthy-eating and meat-eating identities, could explain intentions to reduce RMC. Study 2 evaluated the effectiveness of an SMS intervention on self-monitoring to reduce RMC.Methods: In Study 1, data were collected daily using online food diaries for one week and a TPB questionnaire. Study 2 was a randomised controlled trial assessing pre and post RMC and TPB constructs by online food diaries and questionnaires over a one-week period. Participants were Italian undergraduates in each study (Study 1: N = 405; Study 2: N = 244). In Study 2, participants were randomly allocated to control and message condition groups. Participants in the message condition group received a daily SMS, which reminded them to monitor RMC, while participants in the control group did not receive any message. Only students who completed all measures were considered in the analyses (Study 1: N = 342; Study 2: N = 228).Results: Study 1 showed that affective and instrumental attitudes, perceived behavioural control and meat-eating identity explained intentions to reduce RMC, while subjective norm, past behaviour and healthy-eating identity did not. Study 2 showed that an SMS intervention was effective in increasing intentions and reducing RMC. Mediation analyses indicated partial serial mediation through healthy-eating and meat-eating identities and intentions.Conclusion: The present studies provide support for the predictive validity of TPB in explaining intentions to reduce RMC and for the efficacy of an SMS intervention targeting self-monitoring in reducing RMC. Findings confirmed the important role of eating identities in explaining intentions to reduce RMC and in changing this behaviour.

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“…Recommendations strongly encourage a Mediterranean-like dietary pattern for prevention of major chronic diseases (5,6). In the United Kingdom, several credible organisations that provide dietary information have promoted consumption of the MD to the public, including NHS Choices (7) and Patient.co.uk (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing a Mediterranean diet intervention into a RCT: Lessons learned from a non-Mediterranean based country

Middleton

Keegan

Smith

et al. 2015

J Nutr Health Aging

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IntroductionIn light of the accumulating scientific evidence, the Mediterranean diet (MD) is suggested to have a positive effect on cardiovascular health, particularly in relation to chronic disease development (1-4). Recommendations strongly encourage a Mediterranean-like dietary pattern for prevention of major chronic diseases (5, 6). In the United Kingdom, several credible organisations that provide dietary information have promoted consumption of the MD to the public, including NHS Choices (7) and Patient.co.uk (8). Little is known about the pragmatic and cultural perspectives of adopting the MD in this non-Mediterranean country and the concept of how British citizens incorporate a Mediterranean diet (MD) into daily life (e.g. food availability, cost, personal preferences and preparation) has remained unexplored. This study addresses this gap and highlights the barriers and facilitators to eating the MD, based on a small sample of British citizens who had participated in an experimental study in the north-east of England (9, 10). The previous study investigated the combined effects of the MD and an exercise intervention on lower-and upper-limb cutaneous microvascular function in a healthy middle-aged population. MethodsThis study was granted ethical approval by a University of Lincoln ethics committee. A qualitative methodology was employed to investigate participant experiences regarding barriers and facilitators which impacted upon their experience whist eating the MD during the experimental trial. This type of inquiry is important to investigate food-related behaviour, understanding 'how' and 'why' individuals act regarding food choices and consumption (11). This study used semi-structured focus groups with the expectation that rich contextual information from the participants' views and perspectives would be generated.A purposive sample (n=11) of adult participants, who had previously enrolled on an 8-week MD intervention study (9), was approached by email invitation. The invitation outlined the opportunity to discuss the experience of attempting the MD with other participants involved in the original study, in a University location at a mutually convenient time. All participants were encouraged to attend a focus group with their co-habiting partner (if relevant) to discuss their experiences at home during the trial. Each participant received a £10 shopping voucher for participation.Eight of the eleven participants from the original study (9) took part in this study. Three co-habiting partners also attended. In total, 11 participants (mean age = 54.3±4.0 years) attended three focus groups (mean time = 32±10 minutes) which were staged up to two months after the original study at a University location at a mutually convenient time.Focus group discussions were facilitated by the lead researcher and an experienced qualitative researcher and were Thematic analysis from the focus groups revealed that participants considered that the MD intervention had introduced a better quality of food, widening the food-hor...

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Mediterranean diet pyramid today. Science and cultural updates

Cited by 1,402 publications

References 52 publications

Targeting the Prodromal Stage of Alzheimer's Disease: Bioenergetic and Mitochondrial Opportunities

Targeting the Prodromal Stage of Alzheimer's Disease: Bioenergetic and Mitochondrial Opportunities

Correlational study and randomised controlled trial for understanding and changing red meat consumption: The role of eating identities

Implementing a Mediterranean diet intervention into a RCT: Lessons learned from a non-Mediterranean based country

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