Mediterranean Diet Score and prostate cancer risk in a Swedish population-based case–control study

Abstract

Several individual components of the Mediterranean diet have been shown to offer protection against prostate cancer. The present study is the first to investigate the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the relative risk of prostate cancer. We also explored the usefulness of the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) in a non-Mediterranean population. FFQ data were obtained from 1482 incident prostate cancer patients and 1108 population-based controls in the Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden (CAPS) study. We defined five MDS variants with different components or using either study-specific intakes or intakes in a Greek reference population as cut-off values between low and high intake of each component. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the relative risk of prostate cancer for high and medium v. low MDS, as well as potential associations with the individual score components. No statistically significant association was found between adherence to the Mediterranean diet based on any of the MDS variants and prostate cancer risk (OR range: 0·96–1·19 for total prostate cancer, comparing high with low adherence). Overall, we found little support for an association between the Mediterranean diet and prostate cancer in this Northern European study population. Despite potential limitations inherent in the study or in the build-up of a dietary score, we suggest that the original MDS with study-specific median intakes as cut-off values between low and high intake is useful in assessing the adherence to the Mediterranean diet in non-Mediterranean populations.

Dietary Patterns and Prostate Cancer Risk: Report from the Population Based ULSAM Cohort Study of Swedish Men

“…Two recent studies assessed the relationship between this dietary pattern and prostate cancer incidence specifically, and neither found any significant association (7,8). Although Möller et al considered several versions of the Mediterranean diet score they found little support for any association between the Mediterranean diet and prostate cancer (8). The Mediterranean dietary pattern identified in our Swedish population was not extensively Mediterranean, and it is therefore possible that potential protective levels of intake were not reached.…”

“…The traditional Mediterranean diet has, because of its content of foods and nutrients with proposed protective effects, been suggested to decrease the risk of prostate cancer (50,51). Two recent studies assessed the relationship between this dietary pattern and prostate cancer incidence specifically, and neither found any significant association (7,8). Although Möller et al considered several versions of the Mediterranean diet score they found little support for any association between the Mediterranean diet and prostate cancer (8).…”

“…Adherence to a Mediterraneanlike dietary pattern has consistently been related to reduced risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, overall mortality, and incidence and mortality from cancer (5,6). However, 2 recent studies showed no association between the Mediterranean diet score and prostate cancer (7,8). Diets reduced in carbohydrates have been less considered, but associations with increased risk of type-2 diabetes as well as all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality have been described (9)(10)(11)(12); although, recent data from the north of Sweden do not support associations to neither all-cause, cardiovascular, or cancer mortality nor prostate cancer incidence (13,14).…”

Impact of Mediterranean Diet on Cancer: Focused Literature Review

“…It is important to note that of the negative studies three were undertaken in nonMediterranean populations; USA, Sweden and Holland (11)(12)(13)(14).…”

L’alimentation méditerranéenne Facteur de protection vis-à-vis des cancers ?

“…Dans aucune de ces trois études, Nord-Européenne, cas-témoins [27], et Nord-Américaines, prospectives [28,29] utilisant le M-MDS et/ou l'a-MDS, il n'existe d'association entre l'adhésion à l'alimentation méditerranéenne ainsi évaluée et le risque de cancer de la prostate. Dans une étude a posteriori sur une cohorte Australienne, aucune association n'a pu être mise en évidence entre un profil alimentaire et le cancer de la prostate [30]. On manque d'études étudiant la relation cancer de la prostate et alimentation méditerranéenne dans un pays méditerranéen.…”