Mediterranean dietary patterns and risk of type 2 diabetes in the Islamic Republic of Iran

Abstract

Background: More than 1% of urban Iranians aged >20 years develop type 2 diabetes annually. A major contributing factor is overweight due to energy imbalance and poor quality diet. Even though there are reports on the beneficial effects of some isolated foods on glucose metabolism, researchers are increasingly focusing on dietary patterns versus single foods. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and risk of type 2 diabetes. Methods: The current study was a case-control study nested in the cohort of the Tehran Glucose and Lipid Study. Among participants who met the study criteria, 187 incident cases of diabetes were identified and matched with 374 healthy controls according to sex, age, date of data collection, and previous history of lifestyle intervention. Results: In the highest Mediterranean Diet Scale (MDS) category there were higher intakes of energy, fibre, glycaemic load, carbohydrate, total fat, and olive oil. However saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid intakes decreased in higher MDS categories. The multiple adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for type 2 diabetes among individuals with medium (score 3-4) and high (score 5-8) adherence to MDS were 0.79 (95% CI:0.38-1.65) and 0.93 (95% CI:0.44-1.96), respectively, compared to individuals with low adherence (score 0-3). Conclusion: Adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern was not associated with type 2 diabetes. Increased rates of type 2 diabetes in the Islamic Republic of Iran might be accounted for by the cultural and traditional differences between the Iranian and the Mediterranean dietary patterns.

Hyperglycemia screening based on survey data: an international instrument based on WHO STEPs dataset

“…However, frequent fish consumption (more than twice per week) was found to be a significant risk factor for hyperglycemia (OR = 1.496). Inconsistent with this observation, some studies have not reported a significant association between fish consumption and diabetes [ 27 ], and some studies have reported an inverse relationship between fish consumption and the risk of diabetes [ 28 ]. These inconsistencies can in part be explained by the differences in the quantity and type of fish consumed, and also the differences in cooking methods in different food cultures [ 27 , 29 ].…”

Assessment of Intestinal Parasites and Its Associated Factors among Fruits and Vegetables Collected from Local Markets of Bule Hora Town, Southeast Ethiopia

“…In impoverished nations, these parasites are mostly to blame for illness and mortality [1,2]. Due to poor environmental cleanliness, personal hygiene practices, and general health system weaknesses, intestinal contaminations are very common in underdeveloped nations [3][4][5]. About 3.5 billion people are afected globally, of which 450 million sufer from intestinal parasite diseases, which are thought to be the cause of 200,000 annual deaths [6].…”

“…Most local farmers in many countries that are developing use polluted or untreated water for irrigation and untreated or polluted human or animal dung as fertilizer, which contributes to increased transmission of intestinal parasitic (IP) contaminations and is to blame for the high rates of contamination with parasites [4]. Fruits and vegetables can be contaminated by protozoans (cysts and oocytes) and helminths (eggs and larvae), and humans get infected by consuming those contaminated fruits and vegetables without proper washing [5].…”

Treatment self‐regulation questionnaire across three self‐care behaviours: An instrument validation study in Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…The prevalence of diabetes in Iran was reported to be 8.94% in 2017, and it is projected to reach 13.64% by 2045 (Cho et al., 2018 ). In Iran, more than 1% of the urban inhabitants whose age is >20 years old are annually diagnosed with T2DM (Ramezan et al., 2019 ), and this is thought to be mostly associated with the unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle (Ketema et al., 2020 ).…”