Medium Access Control for 60 GHz Outdoor Mesh Networks with Highly Directional Links

Mudumbai, Raghuraman; Singh, Sumit; Madhow, Upamanyu

doi:10.1109/infcom.2009.5062249

Cited by 112 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Crucially, recent advances in RFIC design have made millimeter wave (mm-wave) transceivers using inexpensive silicon processes feasible [2] [3]. While there is intense industry interest in multiGigabit 60 GHz indoor networks [4], recent work [5] shows that outdoor mesh networks based on short-range (100s of meters) 60 GHz links are a promising approach to providing a quickly deployable multiGigabit wireless backhaul (e.g. for picocellular networks or for "last-hop" links in a neighborhood).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As we show in this work, the directional antennas needed for 60 GHz nodes lead to significantly different channel models when compared to lower frequency, omnidirectional networks. In terms of 60 GHz networks, reference [5] shows that oxygen absorption and the use of highly directional links allows a high degree of spatial reuse. It also shows that directionality leads to a drastically different design paradigm for Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols, with the focus shifting away from interference management (since interference is greatly reduced due to directionality) to transmit-receive coordination (because the "deafness" caused by directionality makes carrier sense based protocols infeasible).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also shows that directionality leads to a drastically different design paradigm for Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols, with the focus shifting away from interference management (since interference is greatly reduced due to directionality) to transmit-receive coordination (because the "deafness" caused by directionality makes carrier sense based protocols infeasible). While [5] considered idealized LOS link models, more detailed network design and performance studies require a fundamental understanding of the channel model for such links, which is the objective of the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Channel Modeling and MIMO Capacity for Outdoor Millimeter Wave Links

Zhang

Venkateswaran

Madhow

2010

2010 IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference

109

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Abstract-Recent work has shown that mesh networks based on short-range outdoor millimeter (mm) wave links in the unlicensed 60 GHz band are a promising approach to providing an easily deployable broadband infrastructure. In this paper, we investigate the robustness of such links, focusing in particular on the effect of multipath fading resulting from reflections from the ground and building walls for a lamppost deployment of mm wave nodes. Our ray tracing based model shows that, while only a small number of paths are significant for the highly directional links considered, they can cause significant fluctuations in the received signal strength. Our simulations show that 10-20 dB fades below the benchmark of free space propagation can occur quite easily (e.g., 5-15% of the time, averaging across typical deployment scenarios), and that the received power is extremely sensitive to small variations in geometry (e.g., altering the position of the antenna by 1 cm can reduce the received power as much as 46.7 dB). We also demonstrate, however, that extremely robust performance can be obtained by employing multiple antennas at appropriately chosen separations, using standard space-time communications strategies such as transmit precoding (when the transmitter knows the channel) and space-time coding (when the transmitter does not know the channel).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Channel Modeling and MIMO Capacity for Outdoor Millimeter Wave Links

Zhang

Venkateswaran

Madhow

2010

2010 IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference

109

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“…We apply an ideal "flat-top" model for directional antenna [26]. Every node employs an antenna with beams, each of which spans an angle of 2 / radians.…”

Section: B Antenna Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Multi-Hop Concurrent Transmissions in 60 GHz Wireless Personal Area Networks

Qiao

Cai

Shen

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

136

108

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Abstract-Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications is a promising enabling technology for high rate (Giga-bit) multimedia applications. However, because of the high propagation loss at 60 GHz band, mmWave signal power degrades significantly over distance. Therefore, a traffic flow being transmitted over multiple short hops can attain higher throughput than that over a single long hop. In this paper, we first design a hop selection metric for the piconet controller (PNC) to select appropriate relay hops for a traffic flow, aiming to improve the flow throughput and balance the traffic loads across the network. We then propose a multi-hop concurrent transmission (MHCT) scheme to exploit the spatial capacity of mmWave WPANs by allowing nodes to transmit concurrently in communication links without causing harmful interference. The analysis of concurrent transmission probability and time division multiplexing demonstrates that the MHCT scheme is capable of improving the time slot utilization. Extensive simulations are conducted to validate the analytical results and demonstrate that the proposed MHCT scheme can improve the average traffic flow throughput and network throughput.

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“…We present simulation results 8 over six distinct degrees (18,30,45,90,180,360) in Figure 12(a) and 12(b). Note that a beamwidth of 360 corresponds to the omni transmission-reception mode.…”

Section: Impact Of Beamwidthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directional neighbor discovery in 60 GHz indoor wireless networks

Ning

Kim

Krishnamurthy

et al. 2011

Performance Evaluation

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The unlicensed 60 GHz band brings the promise of multi-gigabit data rates to support new applications such as high definition video over wireless links. Signal propagation in the 60 GHz band significantly differs from that in the traditionally used 2.4 and 5 GHz bands. The propagation and penetration losses in the 60 GHz band are much higher. Furthermore, the signals are often reflected in indoor settings. Previous physical layer studies show that the use of directional antennas can significantly help in coping with these effects. In this paper, we address the problem of neighbor discovery in the 60 GHz band. We account for not only discovery via direct line-of-sight paths, but also via reflected beams. To the best of our knowledge, none of the previous efforts on higher layer protocols for use with directional antennas account for reflections. We consider two approaches for neighbor discovery (a) direct discovery where each node explicitly discovers its neighbors and, (b) gossipbased discovery where nodes exchange information with regards to their already discovered neighbors. We develop analytical models to capture the performance of the two approaches and validate the models via simulations in indoor settings with obstacles that reflect the transmitted signals. As one might expect, the gossip based discovery incurs a lower neighbor-discovery latency than direct discovery. We examine the impact of system parameters such as varying beamwidth and node density. Our study provides insights on the right choice of system parameters for efficient neighbor discovery in the 60 GHz regime.

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Medium Access Control for 60 GHz Outdoor Mesh Networks with Highly Directional Links

Cited by 112 publications

References 9 publications

Channel Modeling and MIMO Capacity for Outdoor Millimeter Wave Links

Channel Modeling and MIMO Capacity for Outdoor Millimeter Wave Links

Enabling Multi-Hop Concurrent Transmissions in 60 GHz Wireless Personal Area Networks

Directional neighbor discovery in 60 GHz indoor wireless networks

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