Medium Access Control Protocols for Power Line Communication: A Survey

Oliveira, Roberto Massi de; Vieira, Alex Borges; Latchman, Haniph A.; Ribeiro, Moisés V.

doi:10.1109/comst.2018.2865835

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…It is worth noting that the proposed network model is based on CSMA‐CD MAC technique because it is a bus model, but it is not the real case. The MAC layer of the power line channel is mainly using CSMA‐CA technique, as stated in a plenty of researches, 26‐29 and thus, CSMA‐CA is the actual collision avoidance technique.…”

Section: Simulation Results and Performance Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightweight routing protocol for low‐tension narrowband powerline systems

El-Awamry

2020

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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This article proposes a combination between source routing technique and on‐demand ad hoc routing algorithm to increase link reliability in power line communications over low‐tension power grid. The proposed methodology is an enhanced low‐complexity routing protocol for smart metering application (ELCSM). The algorithm considers data concentrator (DC) located directly after the low‐tension step‐down transformer. The data concentrator is polling the reachable meters connected to the power line and then it sends information about energy consumption, loading profile and any other crucial data to the utility through the cloud. The designed protocol minimizes the processing complexity at the meter's side, whereas most of the intelligence is shifted to the DC. The protocol takes into consideration the asymmetric characteristics of the power line channel, where some nodes could suffer from very bad downlink quality due to significant noise at the meter's side. These nodes that suffer from bad channel conditions and could not receive data sent from DC and/or other nodes are therefore classified as deaf nodes, although their transmission could be received properly by adjacent nodes. Moreover, unique lightweight packet structure is proposed to minimize algorithm overhead and to enhance the system robustness. The protocol performance is compared to LCSM and LOADng‐CTP in terms of protocol overhead, end‐to‐end delay, and packet delivery ratio.

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Section: Simulation Results and Performance Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightweight routing protocol for low‐tension narrowband powerline systems

El-Awamry

2020

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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“…We can find that the iteration times and the buffer size have a positive relationship, in other words, the large value of buffer size K would enhance the iteration times (decreasing the convergence speed). The reason is that the large buffer would enhance the random matrix's dimension given by Formulas (18) and (19).…”

Section: Figure A1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It allows a station to retransmit a data packet several times at link layer to enhance the received probability. Because of the introduction of the ARQ scheme, the performance of MAC (medium access control) protocol for reliable PLC networks i.e., IEEE 1901 [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], would be necessarily affected. In addition, the PLC channel fading type and additive non-Gaussian noise feature also influence 1901’s performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAC Performance Analysis for Reliable Power-Line Communication Networks with ARQ Scheme

Sheng

Zhang

2020

Sensors

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Power-line communication (PLC) networks have been increasingly used for constructing industrial IoT (internet of things) and home networking systems due to their low-cost installation and broad coverage feature. To guarantee the transmission reliability, ARQ (automatic repeat request) scheme is introduced into the link layer of reliable PLC networks, which allows the retransmission of a data frame several times so that it has a higher probability to be correctly received. However, current studies of performance analysis for PLC MAC (medium access control) protocol (i.e., IEEE 1901) do not take into account of the impact of ARQ scheme. To resolve this problem, we propose an analytical model to investigate the MAC performance of IEEE 1901 protocol for reliable PLC networks with ARQ scheme. In the modeling process, we first establish a PLC channel model to reflect the impacts of PLC channel types (containing Rayleigh fading and Log-normal fading), additive non-Gaussian noise feature and ARQ scheme on data transmission at link layer. Next, we employ Renewal theory and Queueing dynamics to capture the transmission attempt behavior of executing IEEE 1901 protocol in the unsaturated environment with finite transit buffer size. On the basis of combining these two models, we derive the closed-form expressions of 1901 MAC metrics considering the influence of the ARQ scheme. Furthermore, we prove that the proposed analytical model has the convergence property. Finally, we evaluate the MAC performance of 1901 protocol for reliable PLC networks with ARQ scheme and verify the proposed analytical model.

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“…It also finds applications in diverse domains such as realtime energy management systems, future hybrid networks and cooperative communication systems [5][6][7][8][9]. The MAC (medium access control) protocol of PLC networks, IEEE 1901, uses a special CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance) mechanism, having some similarities to that of IEEE 802.11, and it plays a prominent role in the network performance [10][11][12][13]. The main difference be-tween these two CSMA/CA mechanisms is that the 1901 protocol employs not only a backoff counter but also a so called deferral counter, which provides a novel approach to contention resolution, namely, 1901 can react to contention when it senses the medium busy during a certain number of time slots (determined by its deferral counter), while 802.11 only reacts to contention after detecting a collision [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cross-Layered Theoretical Model of IEEE 1901 Power-Line Communication Networks Considering Retransmission Protocols

Sheng

Zhang

2021

IEEE Access

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Power-line communication (PLC) is a promising communication technology of constructing IoT (internet of things) systems, and it employs IEEE 1901 as its medium access control (MAC) protocol. Current studies about IEEE 1901 MAC performance analysis do not consider the influence of physical layer's retransmission protocols, i.e., ARQ (automatic repeat request) and HARQ-CC (hybrid ARQ with chase combining). Moreover, how 1901 protocol affect the energy consumption in PLC networks, and whether 1901 protocol has bound performance are also unsolved in these existing works. Focusing on the above problems, we put forward a cross-layered theoretical model to insightfully analyze 1901 protocol, where the impacts of physical layer's retransmission protocols (ARQ and HARQ-CC), channel fading modes and practical configurations (buffer size, finite traffic load, etc.) are comprehensively taken into consideration in the modeling process. On this basis, we derive the closed-form expressions of 1901 MAC metrics considering retransmission protocols. Furthermore, we construct an energy consumption model, and provide the bound performance analysis for 1901 protocol. Finally, we evaluate the performance of 1901 protocol under different retransmission protocols and system parameters, and verify the proposed crosslayered theoretical model. INDEX TERMS Power-line communication (PLC); retransmission protocols; medium access control; IEEE 1901; cross-layered theoretical model; performance evaluation.

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Medium Access Control Protocols for Power Line Communication: A Survey

Cited by 37 publications

References 150 publications

Lightweight routing protocol for low‐tension narrowband powerline systems

Lightweight routing protocol for low‐tension narrowband powerline systems

MAC Performance Analysis for Reliable Power-Line Communication Networks with ARQ Scheme

A Cross-Layered Theoretical Model of IEEE 1901 Power-Line Communication Networks Considering Retransmission Protocols

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