Medium- and long-chain chlorinated paraffins in air: A review of levels, physicochemical properties, and analytical considerations

South, Lauren; Saini, Amandeep; Harner, Tom; Niu, Shan; Parnis, J. Mark; Mastin, Jacob

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157094

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Compared to SCCPs, no information is currently available on the MCCPs and LCCPs in seawater, which their lower solubility can explain. , Except for the coastal waters, there is currently no measurement of CPs in open and high-latitude waters, strongly indicating the influence of human inputs into the ocean. In addition, plastics are the carriers of chemical additives into the sea, potentially playing the role of in situ sources of CPs via plastics leaching. ,,, Plastics have been reported to be widely distributed in remote areas, including the deep-sea, Antarctic and Arctic regions. − Moreover, other POPs have been detected in the surface seawater of remote areas, like the western Pacific, North Atlantic, and Arctic. − Theoretically, CPs have possibly reached these remote areas due to physicochemical characteristics similar to those of other POPs.…”

Section: Distribution Of Cps In the Marine Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential of CPs in marine organisms depends on their physicochemical properties, bioavailability, and biotransformation ability. The logarithm octanol–water partition coefficient (logKow) values of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs (C 18–20 ), LCCPs (C >20, liquid ) range from 4.78 to 9.1, from 6.6 to 11.2, from 8.38 to 13.0, and from 11.0 to 18.7, respectively. , The bioaccumulation of SCCPs and MCCPs has only been identified in organisms of some Chinese sea areas. For example, logarithm bioaccumulation factor (logBAF) values of ∑SCCPs were in the range of 2.04–3.79 in zooplankton, fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish, snail and cephalopod in the ECS, China .…”

Section: Distribution Of Cps In the Marine Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chlorinated Paraffin Pollution in the Marine Environment

Lyu,

Zhang

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are ubiquitous in the environment due to their large-scale usage, persistence, and long-range atmospheric transport. The oceans are a critical environment where CPs transformation occurs. However, the broad impacts of CPs on the marine environment remain unclear. This review describes the sources, occurrence and transport pathways, environmental processes, and ecological effects of CPs in the marine environment. CPs are distributed in the global marine environment by riverine input, ocean currents, and long-range atmospheric transport from industrial areas. Environmental processes, such as the deposition of particle-bound compounds, leaching of plastics, and microbial degradation of CPs, are the critical drivers for regulating CPs’ fate in water columns or sediment. Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of CPs in marine food webs may threaten marine ecosystem functions. To elucidate the biogeochemical processes and environmental impacts of CPs in marine environments, future work should clarify the burden and transformation process of CPs and reveal their ecological effects. The results would help readers clarify the current research status and future research directions of CPs in the marine environment and provide the scientific basis and theoretical foundations for the government to assess marine ecological risks of CPs and to make policies for pollution prevention and control.

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Section: Distribution Of Cps In the Marine Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distribution Of Cps In the Marine Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorinated Paraffin Pollution in the Marine Environment

Lyu,

Zhang

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…44,45 To address the in-source degradation and insufficient resolution problems, alternative methods based on LC and soft ionization sources, coupled with high-resolution MS were established and these investigations clarified a board occurrence of COs/CdiOs in non-exposed CP products, as well as atmospheric particulate samples. 47 Li et al have utilized UPLC-APCI/ESI technology followed by Orbitrap MS (resolution of about 140000) to characterize the detailed compositions of CPs commercial mixtures. 48 Chromatographic retention time, peak shape, and isotope ratio were adopted as criteria to identify congener groups of CPs.…”

Section: Transformation Products Of Cpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several subsequent developed mathematical processes enable the deconvolution of equipment unsolved ion clusters into linear combined groups with respective CP, CO, and CdiO compounds and have obtained similar compositional profile information 44,45 . To address the in‐source degradation and insufficient resolution problems, alternative methods based on LC and soft ionization sources, coupled with high‐resolution MS were established and these investigations clarified a board occurrence of COs/CdiOs in non‐exposed CP products, as well as atmospheric particulate samples 47 . Li et al.…”

Section: Recent Progress In the Analysis Of Pm25‐bonded Transformatio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent applications of mass spectrometry in the analysis of transformation products of emerging contaminants in PM_2.5

Wang

Cao

Zhang

et al. 2023

Analytical Science Advances

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Ambient pollution correlated to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a worldwide environmental issue as it is highly associated with human health and eco‐environmental safety. A significant part regarding the toxicity of PM2.5 is attributed to its bonded contaminants. Appreciable efforts have been performed to study the occurrence, exposure, and toxicological properties of chemicals of emerging concerns in PM2.5. Recent works indicated a broad environmental transformation of emerging contaminants in the atmospheric environment and highlighted the significance of PM2.5 bonded transformation products, which may exhibit higher environmental concentrations and toxicities compared to their parent compounds. Among these studies, mass spectrometry has been widely applied for the analysis of transformation products of emerging contaminants in PM2.5 on the aspects of suspect/non‐target screening, structure elucidation, concentration profiling, and toxicity determination. This review describes key mass spectrometry‐based analytical strategies and applications for determining transformation products in PM2.5 and presents outlooks for their analysis.

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“…Nevertheless, the understanding of the environmental behavior, fate, and potential risks is still scarce because of the extremely complex CP congeners and the difficulties regarding accurate quantification. Some reviews on CPs have been produced in the last ten years, and most of them focused on analysis method, environmental distribution, and toxicity [9][10][11][12]. The data on CPs in organisms have increased over the last decade, and studies on the trophic transfer of CPs in both aquatic and terrestrial food webs has increased substantially in recent years [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation and Biotransformation of Chlorinated Paraffins

Chen

Mai

Luo

2022

Toxics

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Chlorinated paraffins (CPs), a class of persistent, toxic, and bioaccumulated compounds, have received increasing attention for their environmental occurrence and ecological and human health risks worldwide in the past decades. Understanding the environmental behavior and fate of CPs faces a huge challenge owing to the extremely complex CP congeners. Consequently, the aims of the present study are to summarize and integrate the bioaccumulation and biotransformation of CPs, including the occurrence of CPs in biota, tissue distribution, biomagnification, and trophic transfer, and biotransformation of CPs in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates in detail. Biota samples collected in China showed higher CP concentrations than other regions, which is consistent with their huge production and usage. The lipid content is the major factor that determines the physical burden of CPs in tissues or organs. Regarding the bioaccumulation of CPs and their influence factors, inconsistent results were obtained. Biotransformation is an important reason for this variable. Some CP congeners are readily biodegradable in plants, animals, and microorganisms. Hydroxylation, dechlorination, chlorine rearrangement, and carbon chain decomposition are potential biotransformation pathways for the CP congeners. Knowledge of the influence of chain length, chlorination degree, constitution, and stereochemistry on the tissue distribution, bioaccumulation, and biotransformation is still scarce.

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Medium- and long-chain chlorinated paraffins in air: A review of levels, physicochemical properties, and analytical considerations

Cited by 30 publications

References 89 publications

Chlorinated Paraffin Pollution in the Marine Environment

Chlorinated Paraffin Pollution in the Marine Environment

Recent applications of mass spectrometry in the analysis of transformation products of emerging contaminants in PM_2.5

Bioaccumulation and Biotransformation of Chlorinated Paraffins

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Medium- and long-chain chlorinated paraffins in air: A review of levels, physicochemical properties, and analytical considerations

Cited by 30 publications

References 89 publications

Chlorinated Paraffin Pollution in the Marine Environment

Chlorinated Paraffin Pollution in the Marine Environment

Recent applications of mass spectrometry in the analysis of transformation products of emerging contaminants in PM2.5

Bioaccumulation and Biotransformation of Chlorinated Paraffins

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Product

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Recent applications of mass spectrometry in the analysis of transformation products of emerging contaminants in PM_2.5