Medium-chain fatty acids decrease serum cholesterol via reduction of intestinal bile acid reabsorption in C57BL/6J mice

Li, Huizi; Liu, Yinghua; Zhang, Xinsheng; Xu, Qing; Zhang, Yong; Xue, Changhu; Guo, Changjiang

doi:10.1186/s12986-018-0267-x

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Some studies indicate that saturated fat increases the serum levels of cholesterol. However, a recent report indicates that medium chain fatty acids decrease serum cholesterol levels via reduction of bile absorption [ 36 ]. As indicated in Table 2 , major fatty acids of coconut milk are medium chain fatty acids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant and Nutritional Properties of Domestic and Commercial Coconut Milk Preparations

Karunasiri

Gunawardane

Senanayake

et al. 2020

International Journal of Food Science

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The aqueous extract of scraped coconut kernel is known as coconut milk. Coconut milk preparations are also commercially available in the form of desiccated powders or liquids. While these various coconut milk preparations are heavily used in cooking in the Asian countries as a major source of dietary fat, limited studies have been conducted on their chemical and nutritional composition. In this study, we have determined the chemical composition and nutritional effects of both domestic preparations of coconut milk and the commercially available counterparts. The results indicate that the phenolic compounds of all coconut milk preparations provide protection against oxidative damage on lipids and inhibit oxidative damage of both proteins and DNA. The lipid profiles are not significantly affected by the consumption of the three coconut milk preparations despite their different fat contents.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant and Nutritional Properties of Domestic and Commercial Coconut Milk Preparations

Karunasiri

Gunawardane

Senanayake

et al. 2020

International Journal of Food Science

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“…Hepatic bile acid synthesis genes Cyp7a1 and Cyp8b1 were significantly lower than wild-type littermates, indicating alterations in bile acid signaling. Furthermore, Li et al recently demonstrated that feeding with medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) reduced IBABP protein expression but not intestinal bile acid transporter expression (234). These mice showed decreased plasma LDL cholesterol levels and a decrease in bile acid absorption, suggesting that the loss of IBABP may contribute to impaired bile acid absorption.…”

Section: Ileal Bile Acid-binding Protein (Ibabp)-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Absorption of Bile Acids in Health and Disease

Ticho

Malhotra

Dudeja

et al. 2019

Comprehensive Physiology

162

108

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The intestinal reclamation of bile acids is crucial for the maintenance of their enterohepatic circulation. The majority of bile acids are actively absorbed via specific transport proteins that are highly expressed in the distal ileum. The uptake of bile acids by intestinal epithelial cells modulates the activation of cytosolic and membrane receptors such as the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1), which has a profound effect on hepatic synthesis of bile acids as well as glucose and lipid metabolism. Extensive research has focused on delineating the processes of bile acid absorption and determining the contribution of dysregulated ileal signaling in the development of intestinal and hepatic disorders. For example, a decrease in the levels of the bile acid-induced ileal hormone FGF15/19 is implicated in bile acidinduced diarrhea (BAD). Conversely, the increase in bile acid absorption with subsequent overload of bile acids could be involved in the pathophysiology of liver and metabolic disorders such as fatty liver diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review article will attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms involved in the intestinal handling of bile acids, the pathological implications of disrupted intestinal bile acid homeostasis, and the potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of bile acid-related disorders.

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“…Two medium chain length fatty acids (MCFAs), namely capric (C10:0) and caprylic (C8:0) acid, were found to promote fecal bile acid secretion through the stimulation of Cyp7a1 activity in C57BL/6J mice liver (Xu et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2017). In another independent study, the addition of capric and caprylic acid to the cholesterol-rich diet given to C57BL/6J mice resulted in high serum triglycerides level and increased fecal bile content (Li et al, 2018). Interestingly, Li et al (2018) proposed a different conclusion as they discovered the two MCFAs increased fecal bile acid through down-regulation of fatty acid-binding protein (Fabp6), a binding protein essential for reabsorption of bile acid from the small intestine.…”

Section: Mice Supplemented With Coconut Milk But Not Light Cream Haltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another independent study, the addition of capric and caprylic acid to the cholesterol-rich diet given to C57BL/6J mice resulted in high serum triglycerides level and increased fecal bile content (Li et al, 2018). Interestingly, Li et al (2018) proposed a different conclusion as they discovered the two MCFAs increased fecal bile acid through down-regulation of fatty acid-binding protein (Fabp6), a binding protein essential for reabsorption of bile acid from the small intestine. Since both Cyp7a1 and Fabp6 are directly regulated by Fxr, it is reasonable to postulate that the MCFAs may act on these effectors through it.…”

Section: Mice Supplemented With Coconut Milk But Not Light Cream Haltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coconut milk gavage enhanced fecal bile excretion by modulating hepatic Fxr expression but failed to improve fasting serum cholesterol profile in C57BL/6 mice

Wong

Choo

Chew

2020

OCL

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The consumption of coconut milk has long been regarded as detrimental to cardiovascular health due to its high saturated fatty acid content. Contradictorily, emerging evidences have highlighted that the fatty acids in coconut lipids, which comprise mostly of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), may be beneficial to the regulation of serum cholesterol. To identify the potential health effect of coconut milk on lipid metabolism, this current study employed an intragastric gavage method on C57BL/6 mice to investigate the physiological and molecular alteration in the mice subject after 8 weeks of gavage intervention. The supplementation of coconut milk did not affect the levels of serum triglyceride, but it induced the total serum cholesterol after 2 weeks of treatment. The serum cholesterol level subsequently plateaued, but an increase in bile acid excretion was observed, most likely through the modulation of bile regulating genes, i.e. farnesoid X receptor (Fxr) and Cyp7a1. Despite that, the total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio of coconut milk group was comparable to that of the light cream group. In short, coconut milk supplementation promoted cholesterol excretion through the fecal bile route but did not significantly improve the serum cholesterol profile of C57BL/6 mice.

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Medium-chain fatty acids decrease serum cholesterol via reduction of intestinal bile acid reabsorption in C57BL/6J mice

Cited by 24 publications

References 35 publications

Antioxidant and Nutritional Properties of Domestic and Commercial Coconut Milk Preparations

Antioxidant and Nutritional Properties of Domestic and Commercial Coconut Milk Preparations

Intestinal Absorption of Bile Acids in Health and Disease

Coconut milk gavage enhanced fecal bile excretion by modulating hepatic Fxr expression but failed to improve fasting serum cholesterol profile in C57BL/6 mice

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