Medium-distance affordable, flexible and wireless epidermal sensor for pH monitoring in sweat

Mazzaracchio, Vincenzo; Fiore, Luca De; Nappi, S.; Marrocco, Gaetano; Arduini, Fabiana

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121502

Cited by 83 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Different materials have been proposed to fabricate sensors for pH measurement such as iridium oxide [28], carbon [29], poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) [26], polyaniline/polyurethane [30], gold/polyaniline [31], palladium/palladium oxide [32], graphite [33] and graphite-polyurethane [34]. Polyaniline (PANI) is a very important material for the technological development of all solid-state pH sensors, and, in fact, several PANI-based electronic devices have been developed for very different applications [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PANI-Based Wearable Electrochemical Sensor for pH Sweat Monitoring

et al. 2021

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Nowadays, we are assisting in the exceptional growth in research relating to the development of wearable devices for sweat analysis. Sweat is a biofluid that contains useful health information and allows a non-invasive, continuous and comfortable collection. For this reason, it is an excellent biofluid for the detection of different analytes. In this work, electrochemical sensors based on polyaniline thin films deposited on the flexible substrate polyethylene terephthalate coated with indium tin oxide were studied. Polyaniline thin films were abstained by the potentiostatic deposition technique, applying a potential of +2 V vs. SCE for 90 s. To improve the sensor performance, the electronic substrate was modified with reduced graphene oxide, obtained at a constant potential of −0.8 V vs. SCE for 200 s, and then polyaniline thin films were electrodeposited on top of the as-deposited substrate. All samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, static contact angle and FT-IR/ATR analysis to correlate the physical-chemical features with the performance of the sensors. The obtained electrodes were tested as pH sensors in the range from 2 to 8, showing good behavior, with a sensitivity of 62.3 mV/pH, very close to a Nernstian response, and a reproducibility of 3.8%. Interference tests, in the presence of competing ions, aimed to verify the selectivity, were also performed. Finally, a real sweat sample was collected, and the sweat pH was quantified with both the proposed sensor and a commercial pH meter, showing an excellent concordance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PANI-Based Wearable Electrochemical Sensor for pH Sweat Monitoring

et al. 2021

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“…The actual power requirement depends on the specific type of sensors, design, and the material used for the fabrication. [ 68,94,137,139,147,207–209 ] For example, a pH sensor could be either potentiometric, chemiresistive, ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistor, or conductometric/capacitive [ 204,210 ] and they could be operated with voltage <250 mV and power of the order of nW cm −2 . [ 32 ] Figure lists a resistive type of temperature sensor that can be operated with 30 µW.…”

Section: Routes For Energy Autonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Autonomous Sweat‐Based Wearable Systems

et al. 2021

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The continuous operation of wearable electronics demands reliable sources of energy, currently met through Li‐ion batteries and various energy harvesters. These solutions are being used out of necessity despite potential safety issues and unsustainable environmental impact. Safe and sustainable energy sources can boost the use of wearables systems in diverse applications such as health monitoring, prosthetics, and sports. In this regard, sweat‐ and sweat‐equivalent‐based studies have attracted tremendous attention through the demonstration of energy‐generating biofuel cells, promising power densities as high as 3.5 mW cm−2, storage using sweat‐electrolyte‐based supercapacitors with energy and power densities of 1.36 Wh kg−1 and 329.70 W kg−1, respectively, and sweat‐activated batteries with an impressive energy density of 67 Ah kg−1. A combination of these energy generating, and storage devices can lead to fully energy‐autonomous wearables capable of providing sustainable power in the µW to mW range, which is sufficient to operate both sensing and communication devices. Here, a comprehensive review covering these advances, addressing future challenges and potential solutions related to fully energy‐autonomous wearables is presented, with emphasis on sweat‐based energy storage and energy generation elements along with sweat‐based sensors as applications.

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“…Electrodeposited iridium oxide films on graphite electrodes embedded on kapton substrates have also proved to be an efficient pH‐sensing system. The pH response of the sensor was strongly dependent on H + activity and the ratio of Ir 3+ /Ir 4+ [22].…”

Section: Metal Oxide Sensors In Health Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding Horizons of Metal Oxide‐based Chemical and Electrochemical Sensors

2021

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Metal‐oxide (MOx) are widely used in electrical/electrochemical sensors owing to their quick‐response ability, High surface‐to‐volume ratio, matching lateral‐dimensions with surface‐charge zone and modifiable with dopants significantly enhances their sensing performance. Typically, MOx‐based sensors are used in gaseous‐analytes for monitoring environmental‐pollutants and gas‐leakage. Tuning the properties of nanostructured‐metal‐oxides advanced their applications beyond environmental‐monitoring. This review focuses on the emerging‐dimensions of MOx‐based sensors in hazard‐surveillance and risk‐investigation like in deployment to detect fire‐hazards, chemical‐warfare agents, oil‐spills and explosives. Recent advances of using MOx‐based sensors as electronic‐tongue and electronic‐nose for non‐invasive health monitoring and MOx‐based sensor mobile robots for remote surveillance is also discussed.

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Medium-distance affordable, flexible and wireless epidermal sensor for pH monitoring in sweat

Cited by 83 publications

References 23 publications

PANI-Based Wearable Electrochemical Sensor for pH Sweat Monitoring

PANI-Based Wearable Electrochemical Sensor for pH Sweat Monitoring

Energy Autonomous Sweat‐Based Wearable Systems

Expanding Horizons of Metal Oxide‐based Chemical and Electrochemical Sensors

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