Medium Truck Duty Cycle Data from Real-World Driving Environments: Final Report

Lascurain, Mary Beth; Franzese, Oscar; Capps, Gary J; Siekmann, Adam; Thomas, Neil P.; LaClair, Tim J.; Barker, Alan; Knee, H.E.

doi:10.2172/1081995

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…[27] and Gao et.al. [28], is adopted to determine the power requirement of the vehicle powertrain based on the transit bus's forward speed, acceleration, rotational inertia, aerodynamic loss, rolling resistance loss, and the road grade. For any instant of time, the bus tractive power is described as: (1) where is the tractive power of the bus; V is velocity; is air density; is the bus's aerodynamic drag coefficient; is the rolling resistance coefficient;…”

Section: Vehicle Energy Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery capacity and recharging needs for electric buses in city transit service

Gao

Lin

LaClair

et al. 2017

Energy

235

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This paper evaluates the energy consumption and battery performance of city transit electric buses operating on real day-today routes and standardized bus drive cycles, based on a developed framework tool that links bus electrification feasibility with real-world vehicle performance, city transit bus service reliability, battery sizing and charging infrastructure. The impacts of battery capacity combined with regular and ultrafast charging over different routes have been analyzed in terms of the ability to maintain city transit bus service reliability like conventional buses. The results show that ultrafast charging via frequent short-time boost charging events, for example at a designated bus stop after completing each circuit of an assigned route, can play a significant role in reducing the battery size and can eliminate the need for longer duration charging events that would cause schedule delays. The analysis presented shows that significant benefits can be realized by employing multiple battery configurations and flexible battery swapping practices in electric buses. These flexible design and use options will allow electric buses to service routes of varying city driving patterns and can therefore enable meaningful reductions to the cost of the vehicle and battery while ensuring service that is as reliable as conventional buses.

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Section: Vehicle Energy Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery capacity and recharging needs for electric buses in city transit service

Gao

Lin

LaClair

et al. 2017

Energy

235

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“…2013). Energy consumption and emissions can be similar for completely different drive cycles, if they share common characteristics (Watson et al 1983;EPA 1993;O'Keefe et al 2007;Lascurain 2008;Clark et al 2010;Lascurain et al 2012;Burton et al 2013aBurton et al , 2013bLaClair et al 2014). These studies support our parametric approach for the prediction of energy use and emissions based on statistical parameterization of input conditions.…”

Section: Electric Grid (Average and Marginal)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric modeling approach for economic and environmental life cycle assessment of medium-duty truck electrification

Lee

Thomas

2017

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Using a parametric modeling approach, we evaluate economic and environmental life cycle trade-offs of medium-duty electric trucks in comparison with nine non-electric technologies (e.g., conventional diesel, biodiesel, compressed natural gas, etc.) for U.S. model year 2015. Life cycle results for electric trucks vary strongly with weighted positive kinetic energy, whereas those for non-electric trucks vary the most with average trip speed. Our parametric life cycle assessment models explain 91%-98% of the variability in life cycle inventory and impact assessment results, revealing "how" and "why" the tradeoffs of truck electrification change with different input conditions. In terms of cost, whether total cost of ownership or also including health and climate impact costs, model year 2015 battery electric trucks in severe applications such as urban driving provide positive and robust net benefits in many areas of the U.S. However, for typical operations, petroleum diesel with idle reduction or hybrid-electric technology provide the largest overall life cycle cost benefit. Battery electric, idle reduction, and hybrid trucks emit lower life cycle greenhouse gas emissions across the board in comparison with the other technologies. Despite lower carbon-intensity, electric trucks tend to be water-intensive because of cooling water consumption for thermo-electric power plants. Hybrid trucks create higher NOx emissions and thus larger associated environmental impacts. Idle reduction is beneficial to urban-type applications. Compressed natural gas trucks are the least waterintensive but may not reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Using marginal rather than average factors for electric grid emissions calculations doesn't change the overall life cycle comparisons. Improving driving behavior has universally positive effects for which the exact magnitude and sensitivity depend on environmental impact indicators and technologies.

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“…value or the Euclidean distance. 24–27 The different operation parameters should have exactly equal degrees of importance in these methods but, in practice, the degree of importance, the correlation interference and the overlap of the different operation parameters are neglected. Also, these criteria are not scale independent.…”

Section: Development Of the Operation Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many driving cycles have been developed to represent the driving characteristics of certain regions or specific types of personal and commercial vehicles, there have been relatively few studies to attempt to do so for the driving cycles of non-road vehicles. 24–27 There is a general lack of research on the operation cycles (i.e. driving cycles) of engineering machinery, in particular.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a representative operation cycle characterized by dual time series for bulldozers

Zhang

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Driving cycles have been developed for various types of vehicle by different nations and in different areas, as they have a substantial effect on analysis of the fuel economy and the emissions. As the concern about the fuel consumption and the emissions of engineering machinery increases continuously, it has become necessary to develop corresponding operation cycles for engineering machinery. However, a typical operation cycle for bulldozers and the methods for its development is still lacking. Therefore, a representative operation cycle for bulldozers was developed in this study. By taking advantage of readily available data from the Controller Area Network (CAN), large amounts of cycle experimental data were acquired in a typical bulldozing process. Two parameters, namely the bulldozing resistance and the speed, were employed to represent the operation cycle. The values of these parameters were calculated on the basis of the dynamic model and the kinematic model combined with system identification methods. Experimental cycles were divided into operation segments according to the respective operating processes, and characteristic parameters for the operation segments were chosen and calculated accordingly. The optimal representative operation cycle was finally selected on the basis of the smallest Mahalanobis distance. The fuel consumption and the probability distributions of the representative operation cycle were also compared with the average fuel consumption and probability distributions of all the operation cycles and analysed. The average correlation coefficient of the probability distributions was 0.936, whereas the difference in the fuel consumptions was only 1.786%. This indicates that the developed cycle is indeed appropriate for representing the operating process of the bulldozer.

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Medium Truck Duty Cycle Data from Real-World Driving Environments: Final Report

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Battery capacity and recharging needs for electric buses in city transit service

Battery capacity and recharging needs for electric buses in city transit service

Parametric modeling approach for economic and environmental life cycle assessment of medium-duty truck electrification

Development of a representative operation cycle characterized by dual time series for bulldozers

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