“…Second, the English Language Center (ELC) at the university assesses students' English proficiency for their eligibility to take English-taught courses, assuring that English-taught students would have relatively high English proficiency at the time of enrollment. Additionally, the center also provides continuous language support for all students at the university, especially those intending to take English-taught courses (Al-Issa, 2016;Peker et al, 2020). These measures may have helped the English-taught students reach the lower level threshold of English proficiency needed for effective EMI (Ardasheva et al, 2012;Cummins, 1979Cummins, , 2000 and have hence minimized or canceled out potential negative effects of EMI on sutdents' content learning (see also Chang et al, 2017;Han & Yu, 2007;Yang, 2015).…”