“…Changing teacher practice represents a major theme in the science education literature, with a multitude of studies exploring factors that influence teacher practice including professional development (PD) (Fishman et al, 2003;Guskey, 2002;Lumpe et al, 2012;Miller et al, 2021;Pringle et al, 2018), science education policy and curricular reform efforts (Luft & Hewson, 2014;Penuel et al, 2009;Pruitt, 2014;Shaver et al, 2007;Spillane et al, 2001), teacher beliefs (Luft, 2001;Lumpe et al, 2000;Marco-Bujosa et al, 2021), and assessment (Deboer, 2002;Klassen, 2006). As a thorough review of this body of literature is beyond the scope of this paper, we focus on highlighting key findings from recent work examining changes in science teaching precipitated by NGSS-aligned PD or curriculum projects and RPPs.…”