Meeting Water Quality Goals under Climate Change in Chesapeake Bay Watershed, USA

Bosch, Darrell J.; Wagena, Moges B.; Ross, Andrew; Collick, Amy S.; Easton, Zachary M.

doi:10.1111/1752-1688.12684

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Excess N and P lost from agricultural fields contribute to air pollution and to water pollution in rivers, lakes, estuaries, and oceans. Under changing climate conditions, mitigating pollution to large bodies of water is expected to become more challenging due to greater precipitation (Bosch, Wagena, Ross, Collick, & Easton, 2018). Residual end‐of‐season inorganic N is prone to leaching and residual P may be moved into water bodies through soil erosion or tile drains, both of which are increased with greater precipitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are polycultures for silage pragmatic medleys or gallimaufries?

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polycultures, mixtures of different crop species in the same field, may provide both production and ecological benefits. Silage production in annual cropping systems may incorporate polycultures and take advantage of species' niche partitioning, potentially stabilizing yield variation due to abiotic stress. Using maize (Zea mays L.) silage as the basis of our 3-yr study, we tested the impact on crop and soil attributes of replacing a fraction of maize with soy [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. bicolor × bicolor and var. sudanense [unnamed hybrid]), or a medley of soy, sorghum, and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Compared to maize monocultures and on average for the 3 yr, a replacement mixture of maize + soy lowered yields (1.57 vs. 1.87 kg m-2), but increased the N, P, and K concentration in the silage by 1.2x, 1.09x, and 1.03x, respectively. Maize + sorghum polycultures matched the biomass yields of maize monocultures (1.77 vs. 1.87 kg m-2) and increased K concentration (10.2 vs. 8.2 g kg-1). While random forest analysis revealed no change in postharvest soil mineral N with depth among treatments, there was a tendency for higher total mineral N left in the soil for soy-containing vs. sorghum-containing treatments (12.4 vs. 10.9 g m-2). Silage polycultures are a feasible alternative to maize silage monocultures and can improve silage nutrient concentration with no yield penalty if maize or sorghum dominate plant stands. 1 INTRODUCTION Dairy farms often rely on maize (Zea mays L.) silage to provide a high-energy and nutritive feed for animals year-round. Among the U.S. dairy states, Pennsylvania ranks sixth for dairy production and has an estimated 7,059 farms that pro-Abbreviations: B, biomass in kg m-2 ; BMR, brown midrib sorghum; ET o , reference evapotranspiration; HI, harvest index; K C , potassium concentration in mg kg-1 ; K M , potassium by mass in g m-2 ; N C , nitrogen concentration in mg kg-1 ; N M , nitrogen by mass in g m-2 ; NH 4 + , ammonium; NO 3-, nitrate; P C , phosphorus concentration in mg kg-1 ; P M , phosphorus by mass in g m-2 ; YMR, yellow midrib sorghum; Θ g , gravimetric water content; ρ b , bulk density; Ψ L , water potential of the leaf in J kg-1 ; Ψ S , water potential of the soil in J kg-1 ; Ψ x , water potential of the xylem in J kg-1 This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are polycultures for silage pragmatic medleys or gallimaufries?

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although dissolved oxygen in Chesapeake Bay has improved, reducing nonpoint pollution from agricultural production remains a significant challenge (Zhang et al 2018, Kleinman et al 2019). Therefore, reducing agricultural nutrient loadings via best management practices remains a major point of interest for water quality in the Chesapeake Bay TMDL (Bosch et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SWAT is a widely used semi-distributed hydrologic watershed quality model that incorporates weather, soil, land cover, and management parameters to quantify the environmental and productivity impacts of various production practices (Arnold et al 2012, Gebremariam et al 2014, Abbaspour et al 2015, Wagena and Easton 2018, Liu et al 2019. SWAT is a process-based model that predicts hydrology, sediment and chemical fluxes using weather, soil, land cover and management data (Arnold et al 1998).…”

Section: Swat/hawqs Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agricultural nutrient runoff in individual watersheds has been extensively studied (Ribaudo et al 2001;Rabotyagov et al 2010Rabotyagov et al , 2014Secchi et al 2011;Kling et al 2014;Bosch et al 2018, Liu et al 2020. However, due to modeling limitations, no structural estimates of cross-watersheds nutrient loading interdependencies have been produced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cross-watershed leakage of agricultural nutrient runoff

Akinyemi,

Elbakidze,

et al. 2024

Environ. Res. Lett.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Agricultural nutrient runoff has been a major contributor to hypoxia in many downstream coastal ecosystems. Although programs have been designed to reduce nutrient loading in individual coastal waters, cross watershed interdependencies of nutrient runoff have not been quantified due to a lack of suitable modeling tools. Cross-watershed pollution leakage can occur when nutrient runoff moves from more to less regulated regions. We illustrate the use of an Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) that combines economic and process-based biophysical tools to quantify Nitrogen loading leakage across three major US watersheds. We also assess losses in consumer and producer surplus from decreased commodity supply and higher prices when nutrient delivery to select coastal ecosystems is restricted. Reducing agricultural N loading in the Gulf of Mexico by 45% a) increases loading in the Chesapeake Bay and Western Lake Erie by 4.2% and 5.5%, respectively, and b) results in annual surplus losses of $7.1 and $6.95 billion with and without restrictions on leakage to the Chesapeake Bay and Lake Erie, respectively.

show abstract

“…While SWAT provides three options for simulating ET (Hargreaves, Priestly-Taylor, and Penman-Monteith) (Neitsch et al, 2011), only the Penman-Monteith equation (Walter et al, 2001) explicitly accounts for the physiological effects of CO 2 on ET using the method developed by Easterling et al (1992) and Stockle (1992). Even so, CO 2 is often held constant at a baseline value of 330 ppm unless otherwise specified in SWAT (Sun et al, 2013;Panagopoulos et al, 2015;Bosch et al, 2018;Xu et al, 2019). To remedy this issue, a growing number of studies have assessed the effects of increased CO 2 on hydrologic simulations (Jha et al, 2006;Ficklin et al, 2010;Arias et al, 2014;Butcher et al, 2014;Gabriel et al, 2016), while other studies have enabled the Penman-Monteith ET routine to accept dynamic CO 2 time series (Wang et al, 2017) and improved its stomatal conductance and LAI routines to account for different vegetation types (Eckhardt and Ulbrich, 2003;Wu et al, 2012;Luo et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Daily CO2 Concentrations in SWAT-VSA to Examine Climate Change Impacts on Hydrology in a Karst Watershed

Gunn¹,

Buda²,

Preisendanz³

et al. 2021

Transactions of the ASABE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

HighlightsWe used SWAT-VSA to assess the effects of climate change with rising CO2 on the water balance of a karst basin.For future climate, SWAT-VSA with rising CO2 yielded 7.1% less ET and 6.3% more runoff than standard SWAT-VSA.Rising CO2 also affected variable source areas, with greater ET declines and runoff increases in the wettest soils.Findings suggest CO2 effects on water balance should be included in future climate change studies with SWAT-VSA.Abstract. Characterizing the effects of climate change on hydrology is important to watershed management. In this study, we used SWAT-VSA to examine the effects of climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 (CO2) on the water balance of Spring Creek watershed, a mixed land-use karst basin in the Upper Chesapeake Bay watershed. First, we modified the stomatal conductance and leaf area index (LAI) routines of SWAT-VSA’s Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration (ET) procedure and enabled the model to accept daily CO2 data. Using downscaled climate projections from nine global climate models (GCMs), we then compared water balance estimations from baseline SWAT-VSA against two modified versions of SWAT-VSA. One SWAT-VSA version integrated daily CO2 levels (SWAT-VSA_CO2), while another version added flexible stomatal conductance and LAI routines (SWAT-VSA_CO2+Plant) to the dynamic CO2 capacity. Under current climate (1985-2015), the three SWAT-VSA models produced generally similar water balance estimations, with 51% of precipitation lost to ET and the remainder converted to runoff (10%), lateral flow (9%), and percolate (30%). For future climate (2020-2065), water balance simulations diverged between baseline SWAT-VSA and the two modified SWAT-VSA models with CO2. Notably, variable stomatal conductance and LAI routines produced no detectable effects beyond that of CO2. For the 2020-2065 period, baseline SWAT-VSA projected ET increases of 0.7 mm year-1, while SWAT-VSA models with CO2 suggested that annual ET could decline by approximately -0.4 mm year-1 over the same period. As a result, the two CO2-based SWAT-VSA models predicted streamflow increases of almost 1.6 mm year-1 over the 2020-2065 period, which were roughly double the streamflow increases projected by baseline SWAT-VSA. In general, SWAT-VSA models with CO2 effects produced 22.4% more streamflow in 2045-2065 than the SWAT-VSA model without CO2. Results also showed that adding daily CO2 to SWAT-VSA reduced ET in wetter parts of Spring Creek watershed, leading to greater runoff losses from variable source areas compared to baseline SWAT-VSA. Findings from the study highlight the importance of considering increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations in water balance simulations with SWAT-VSA in order to gain a fuller appreciation of the hydrologic uncertainties with climate change. Keywords: Carbon dioxide, Climate change, Hydrologic model, Water balance, Watershed.

show abstract

Meeting Water Quality Goals under Climate Change in Chesapeake Bay Watershed, USA

Cited by 18 publications

References 58 publications

Are polycultures for silage pragmatic medleys or gallimaufries?

Are polycultures for silage pragmatic medleys or gallimaufries?

Cross-watershed leakage of agricultural nutrient runoff

Integrating Daily CO2 Concentrations in SWAT-VSA to Examine Climate Change Impacts on Hydrology in a Karst Watershed

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About