Meformin, plasma glucose and free fatty acids in type II diabetic out-patients: results of a clinical study

Poorly controlled elderly Type 2 diabetic patients: the effects of increasing sulphonylurea dosages or adding metformin

“…After a 12‐h overnight fast, at 7:00 a.m. on each study day, blood pressure was taken; weight and height (indoor clothing without shoes) were taken to calculate body mass index (BMI: kg/m 2 ), waist and hip circumference were measured to determine WHR as described elsewhere[16].…”

“…Samples for determinations of hormones, lipids and AER were frozen immediately and stored at − 70°C. Blood samples to determine the haemostatic status were collected, processed and stored as previously described[15,16].…”

“…Plasma glucose was assayed by the enzymatic glucose‐oxidase method (Beckman, Fullerton, CA), blood HbA 1c by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after separation of the labile HbA 1c fraction (HA8121, Menarini Diagnostics, Florence, Italy)[8,15,16]. The non‐diabetic range was 4.5–6.0%.…”

“…After plasma was treated with polyethylene glycol, specific insulin levels were determined by a double‐antibody radioimmunoassay (INCSTAR Corporation, Still Water, MN)[8,15,16]; CVs were < 5%.…”

Reimbursement of metformin for polycystic ovary syndrome

“…An important effect of metformin at the cellular level is to increase the activity of the enzyme AMP kinase, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism [38]. AMP kinase affects, among other processes, the function of the glucose transporter GLUT4 and free fatty acid oxidation, which may result in decreased lipolysis in adipocytes [39]. Despite previously published reports of body mass reduction in patients treated with metformin, recent metaanalyses have not confirmed weight-reducing efficacy of metformin [40,41].…”