MEG event-related desynchronization and synchronization deficits during basic somatosensory processing in individuals with ADHD

Abstract

Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent, complex disorder which is characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Convergent evidence from neurobiological studies of ADHD identifies dysfunction in fronto-striatal-cerebellar circuitry as the source of behavioural deficits. Recent studies have shown that regions governing basic sensory processing, such as the somatosensory cortex, show abnormalities in those with ADHD suggesting that these processes may also be compromised.

Complexity Analysis of Spontaneous Brain Activity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnostic Implications

“…The clinical group comprised 14 male (mean age, 9.64 ± 1.04 years; range [8][9][10][11][12] children with ADHD recruited from the community. Inclusion criteria included a full DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD combined type with associated impairment in at least 2 settings and a Conners' Parents Hyperactivity rating greater than 2 SD above age-and sex-specific means.…”

“…Moreover, MEG is a complementary signal to EEG and represents an entirely non-invasive procedure for brain analysis in children. MEG has been scarcely utilized in ADHD investigation (9)(10)(11)(12) and, as far as we know, the diagnostic utility of this technique has never been tested in ADHD. It is important to notice that there are some major differences between EEG and MEG.…”

Transient and sustained components of the sensorimotor BOLD response in fMRI

“…These reports primarily focus on transient stimulus onset responses. Offset transients for sensory stimuli, however, have not been studied extensively with fMRI [12] despite the observation of sensory evoked offset responses in electroencephalography, e.g., in the auditory system [23], and event-related desynchronizations in magnetoencephalography (MEG) [24][25][26].…”

Event-Related Desynchronization in Diffusively Coupled Oscillator Models

“…Recently, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is found to be associated with ERD in the alpha band (8)(9)(10)(11)(12) and ERS in the beta band (15-30 Hz) [2]. Dramatic decrease in delta band (1)(2)(3)(4) intensity and an increase in theta (4)(5)(6)(7)(8) intensity is reported to be a signature of transition from deep to light anesthesia [3] (see Fig.…”