MEGAPOLI: concept of multi-scale modelling of megacity impact on air quality and climate

Baklanov, Alexander; Lawrence, Mark G.; Pandis, Spyros N.; Mahura, Alexander; Finardi, S.; Moussiopoulos, Ν.; Beekmann, Matthias; Laj, P.; Gomès, L.; Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc; Borbon, A.; Coll, Isabelle; Gros, Valérie; Sciare, Jean; Kukkonen, Jaakko; Galmarini, Stefano; Giorgi, Filippo; Grimmond, Sue; Esau, Igor; Stohl, Andreas; Denby, Bruce; Wagner, Thomas; Butler, Timothy; Baltensperger, Urs; Builtjes, P. J. H.; Hout, D. van den; Gon, Hugo Denier van der; Collins, William; Schluenzen, H.; Kulmala, Markku; Зилитинкевич, С.; Sokhi, Ranjeet; Friedrich, Rainer; Theloke, J.; Kummer, Ulrike; Jalkinen, L.; Halenka, Tomáš; Wiedensholer, Alfred; Pyle, J. A.; Rossow, William B.

doi:10.5194/asr-4-115-2010

Cited by 65 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…Wild and Akimoto, 2001;Derwent et al, 2004;Fiore et al, 2009)). Changes to urban emissions therefore have the potential to influence air quality on much larger scales, as also investigated in the recent European collaborative project MEGAPOLI (Megacities: Emissions, urban, regional and Global Atmospheric POLlution and climate effects, and Integrated tools for assessment and mitigation) (Baklanov et al, 2010), and in a number of recent modelling studies (Mayer et al, 2000;Lawrence et al, 2007;Butler and Lawrence, 2009;Fiore et al, 2009;Butler et al, 2012). Many of these studies use pure modelling approaches to assess the impact of emission changes both in perturbation and future scenarios.…”

Section: Z Stock Et Al: the Impact Of Megacities On Tropospheric Ozonementioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the impact of megacities on local, regional and global tropospheric ozone and the deposition of nitrogen species

et al. 2013

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Abstract. We examine the effects of ozone precursor emissions from megacities on present-day air quality using the global chemistry-climate model UM-UKCA (UK Met Office Unified Model coupled to the UK Chemistry and Aerosols model). The sensitivity of megacity and regional ozone to local emissions, both from within the megacity and from surrounding regions, is important for determining air quality across many scales, which in turn is key for reducing human exposure to high levels of pollutants. We use two methods, perturbation and tagging, to quantify the impact of megacity emissions on global ozone. We also completely redistribute the anthropogenic emissions from megacities, to compare changes in local air quality going from centralised, densely populated megacities to decentralised, lower density urban areas. Focus is placed not only on how changes to megacity emissions affect regional and global NO x and O 3 , but also on changes to NO y deposition and to local chemical environments which are perturbed by the emission changes.The perturbation and tagging methods show broadly similar megacity impacts on total ozone, with the perturbation method underestimating the contribution partially because it perturbs the background chemical environment. The total redistribution of megacity emissions locally shifts the chemical environment towards more NO x -limited conditions in the megacities, which is more conducive to ozone production, and monthly mean surface ozone is found to increase up to 30 % in megacities, depending on latitude and season. However, the displacement of emissions has little effect on the global annual ozone burden (0.12 % change). Globally, megacity emissions are shown to contribute ∼3 % of total NO y deposition. The changes in O 3 , NO x and NO y deposition described here are useful for quantifying megacity impacts and for understanding the sensitivity of megacity regions to local emissions. The small global effects of the 100 % redistribution carried out in this study suggest that the distribution of emissions on the local scale is unlikely to have large implications for chemistry-climate processes on the global scale.

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Section: Z Stock Et Al: the Impact Of Megacities On Tropospheric Ozonementioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the impact of megacities on local, regional and global tropospheric ozone and the deposition of nitrogen species

et al. 2013

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“…Such large urban agglomerations exhibit intensive human activities and high levels of energy consumption. This leads to very high emissions of a wide variety of air pollutants and greenhouse gases, severely affecting both air quality and climate (Mage et al, 1996;Mayer, 1999;Fenger, 1999;Gurjar et al, 2008;Chan and Yao, 2008;Monks et al, 2009;Gurjar et al, 2010;Baklanov et al, 2010;Parrish et al, 2011;Kanakidou et al, 2011;Cassiani et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent satellite-based trends of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over large urban agglomerations worldwide

Schneider

Lahoz

2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Trends in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) columns over 66 large urban agglomerations worldwide have been computed using data from the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) instrument onboard the Envisat platform for the period August 2002 to March 2012. A seasonal model including a linear trend was fitted to the satellite-based time series over each site. The results indicate distinct spatial patterns in trends. While agglomerations in Europe, North America, and some locations in East Asia/Oceania show decreasing tropospheric NO 2 levels on the order of −5 % yr −1 , rapidly increasing levels of tropospheric NO 2 are found for agglomerations in large parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. The site with the most rapidly increasing absolute levels of tropospheric NO 2 was found to be Tianjin in China with a trend of 3.04(±0.47) × 10 15 molecules cm −2 yr −1 , whereas the site with the most rapidly increasing relative trend was Kabul in Afghanistan with 14.3(±2.2) % yr −1 . In total, 34 sites exhibited increasing trends of tropospheric NO 2 throughout the study period, 24 of which were found to be statistically significant. A total of 32 sites showed decreasing levels of tropospheric NO 2 during the study period, of which 20 sites did so at statistically significant magnitudes. Overall, going beyond the relatively small set of megacities investigated previously, this study provides the first consistent analysis of recent changes in tropospheric NO 2 levels over most large urban agglomerations worldwide, and indicates that changes in urban NO 2 levels are subject to substantial regional differences as well as influenced by economic and demographic factors.

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“…The evaluation of the model against high time-resolution (AMS) measurements of fine particulate matter from three sites was encouraging. Zhang et al (2013) implemented the VBS approach into CHIMERE to simulate the behavior of organic aerosol and compared with measurements performed during the MEGAPOLI summer campaign (Baklanov et al, 2010). Beekmann et al (2014) used measurements inside the center of the Paris and the surrounding areas to estimate what fraction of the particulate matter is local.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of local and regional sources to fine PM in the megacity of Paris

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The particulate matter source apportionment technology (PSAT) is used together with PMCAMx, a regional chemical transport model, to estimate how local emissions and pollutant transport affect primary and secondary particulate matter mass concentration levels in Paris. During the summer and the winter periods examined, only 13 % of the PM 2.5 is predicted to be due to local Paris emissions, with 36 % coming from mid-range (50-500 km from the center of the Paris) sources and 51 % from long range transport (more than 500 km from Paris).The local emissions contribution to simulated elemental carbon (EC) is significant, with almost 60 % of the EC originating from local sources during both summer and winter. Approximately 50 % of the simulated fresh primary organic aerosol (POA) originated from local sources and another 45 % from areas 100-500 km from the receptor region during summer. Regional sources dominated the secondary PM components. During summer more than 70 % of the simulated sulfate originated from SO 2 emitted more than 500 km away from the center of the Paris. Also more than 45 % of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was due to the oxidation of VOC precursors that were emitted 100-500 km from the center of the Paris. The model simulates more contribution from long range secondary PM sources during winter because the timescale for its production is longer due to the slower photochemical activity.PSAT results for contributions of local and regional sources were compared with observation-based estimates from field campaigns that took place during the MEGAPOLI project. PSAT simulations are in general consistent (within 20 %) with these estimates for OA and sulfate. The only exception is that PSAT simulates higher local EC contribution during the summer compared to that estimated from observations.

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MEGAPOLI: concept of multi-scale modelling of megacity impact on air quality and climate

Cited by 65 publications

References 1 publication

Modelling the impact of megacities on local, regional and global tropospheric ozone and the deposition of nitrogen species

Modelling the impact of megacities on local, regional and global tropospheric ozone and the deposition of nitrogen species

Recent satellite-based trends of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over large urban agglomerations worldwide

Contributions of local and regional sources to fine PM in the megacity of Paris

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