Mehtods and Problems of Food Consumption Surveys in Papua New Guinea Populations.

Genealogical-Demographic Analysis of the Long-term Adaptation of a Human Population: Methodological Implications.

“…The category of"short-term and individual"in this quadrant model includes the items (each can be expressed with several parameters) which have commonly been pursued in subsistence ecology (or cultural ecology), nutritional ecology, and/or health ecology; some basic points for these approaches are discussed elsewhere in this volume by Suda (1994), Kuchikura (1994), andInaoka (1994). In the category of"short-term and population,"two different kinds of items/parameters are in volved.The first type, resource management, cooperation, and food sharing, are related to subsistence strategies managed at a population (or sub-population) level; the second type, periodical (usually, annual) fertility and mortality, are popular demographic parameters, although they are seldom meaningful for the study of small The items/parameters involved in the quadrant"long-term (life span) and individual"are directly related to fertility and reproduction, even though they depend on social systems on the one hand and nutritional and health states on the other; all of these tend to change owing to, for instance, modernization influences.…”