“…30 It is found that the graphitization degree, porosity and conductivity of Fe/N/C catalysts are effectively improved by introducing melamine in the preparation process. [31][32][33] Besides, it can be seen that using melamine as ligand to prepare catalysts can signicantly enhance the ORR catalytic performance. 34 Most of these catalysts pyrolyze at high temperature, various active substances are produced besides the Fe-N x coordination active site, such as metallic Fe/Fe 3 C nanoparticles, Fe x O y or FeN x nanoparticles and so on.…”