Melanin index in assessing the treatment efficacy of 1064 nm Q switched Nd-Yag laser in nevus of Ota

Sethuraman, Gomathy; Sharma, Vinod; Sreenivas, Vishnubhatla

doi:10.4103/0974-2077.123398

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The melanin index is a objective tool in assessing the laser treatment response in nevus of Ota . Melanin index is measured by a Derma‐spectrometer which is a narrow band spectrophotometer that measures the quantity of melanin (melanin index) and oxy hemoglobin (erythema index) in the skin .…”

Section: Melanin Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variables that predict response of nevus of ota to lasers

Rani

Sardana

2019

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Nevus of ota (also known as oculodermal melanocytosis or nevus fuscoceruleus ophthalmomaxillaris) is a mottled, blue-gray macule that is usually located unilaterally within the distribution of the first and second branches of the trigeminal nerve. Nevus of ota (NOA) is congenital in about 50% of cases, while in other cases it appears by the second decade of life. 1 Acquired nevus of ota-like macules (also known as Hori's nevus) differ from the classic nevus of ota in that they are bilateral, spare mucosa, and occur later in life. 2 | RELE VANT L A S ER-TISSUE INTER AC TI ON SThe ability of laser and light sources to diminish pigmented lesions is based on the principle of selective photothermolysis which had predicted that for selective thermal damage to an absorbing target, the correct laser wavelength, and appropriate pulse duration relevant to the target organelle must be ensured. For this, the wavelength should correspond to the absorption characteristics of the target, the pulse duration should be shorter than the thermal relaxation time and in case of NOA should have a deep penetration. 3 Here, the target is the melanosomes for which a Q-switched (QS) mode is ideal. 4,5 Other lasers that can be used include the pulsed tunable dye laser (wavelength 435-750 nm, pulse width 300-750 ns), 6,7 Q-switched ruby laser (QSRL;wavelength 694 nm, pulse width 40 ns), 5 and the Q-switched Nd:YAG(neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet; wavelength 355, 532, and 1064 nm, pulse width 10-12 ns). 8 Anderson et al performed a study using 12 ns Q-switched Nd-YAG (neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet) laser pulses at 355, 532, and 1064 nm in pigmented and albino guinea pig skin. At each wavelength, melanosomes were ruptured within keratinocytes and melanocytes, with cytoplasmic and nuclear alterations. 8Selective injury to melanosomes and pigmented cells occurs after 351 nm (15 ns duration) ultraviolet laser pulses, 4,9 or 694 nm (40 ns duration) red pulses from a Q-switched ruby laser. 5,10 For these wavelengths, absorption by melanin dominates over that by blood, 11 and the site of primary injury appears to be melanosomes. While shorter wavelengths, such as 351 nm are better at absorbed by melanin, longer wavelengths penetrate deeper into the skin, increasing their ability to reach the deeper melanosomes. | IDE AL L A S ERWhile the QSRL has been the most widely used laser for NOA, [12][13][14] the Q-switched alexandrite (QSA) 15 and QS Nd: YAG lasers are as effective as compared to Q-switched ruby laser. As the QSRL has a higher absorption spectrum for melanin, it can lead to pigmentary SummaryNevus of ota is a dermal melanocytosis common among Asian patients, mottled, blue-gray macule that is usually located unilaterally within the distribution of the first and second branches of the trigeminal nerve and almost always responds well to treatment with Q-switched lasers (eg, ruby, alexandrite, and Nd: YAG). In spite of the plethora of science behind laser-tissue interactions, the objective evaluation of nevus of ota response to la...

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Section: Melanin Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variables that predict response of nevus of ota to lasers

Rani

Sardana

2019

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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“…Melanin indices were measured in two anatomical areas at baseline; treatments 3, 5, and 7; and at 1, 3 and 6 months after the last treatment session. Differences at each time point from baseline were calculated and were an indicator of response to treatment, as suggested by Sethuraman et al [ 15 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Study to Demonstrate Improvement in Skin Tone and Texture by Treatment with a 1064 nm Q-Switched Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser

Munavalli,

Leight-Dunn

2024

JCM

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Background: The 1064 nm Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (QS Nd:YAG) laser was developed to treat unwanted pigmentation in the skin such as lentigines caused by photoaging, and tattoos from dye/ink insertion. This laser has also been used for non-ablative epidermal rejuvenation (skin toning). Objective: To evaluate changes in skin tone, skin texture and overall improvement after a series of treatments with the QS Nd:YAG laser. Methods: Participants received seven full-face treatments with M22 or Stellar M22, a 1064 nm QS Nd:YAG laser, at 2-week intervals. The investigators and participants evaluated the improvement in skin tone and texture at 1, 3 and 6 months after the last treatment. Patient satisfaction, patient discomfort, downtime and adverse events were recorded. Histological changes in the treated area were also evaluated. Results: Thirteen women with a median age of 45 years (range, 34–61 years) were included in the study. The majority of the participants (53.9%) had skin type VI. One month after the last treatment session, 38% of participants reported good to very good improvement. This value increased to 100% participant improvement at both the 3-month and 6-month follow-up visits. The reduction in melanin index and the histological analysis demonstrated that the laser procedure contributed to a reduction in epidermal melanin content. Treatments were not associated with high levels of pain or discomfort. The most common immediate post-treatment response was erythema and edema. Most participants were satisfied with the resulting treatment outcome. Conclusion: Skin treatment with the 1064 nm QS Nd:YAG laser module on the M22 and Stellar M22 devices, using a large spot size, low fluence, moderately high repetition rate, improves skin tone and texture in patients with skin types II–VI.

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“…It effectively breaks up pigment particles with high energy and selectively destroys pigments through the dermis to prevent damage to surrounding tissues, thereby reducing the risk of scar formation. Clinically, this laser technology has also been used to treat melasma, 10,11 Ota nevus, 12–14 onychomycosis 15 and so on. The restriction of autophagy has been proven to be associated with degenerative changes, including skin photoageing 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Q‐switched 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser restores skin photoageing by activating autophagy by TGFβ1 and ITGB1

Xiang,

Jia,

Duan

et al. 2024

Experimental Dermatology

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Excessive ultraviolet B ray (UVB) exposure to sunlight results in skin photoageing. Our previous research showed that a Q‐switched 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser can alleviate skin barrier damage through miR‐24‐3p. However, the role of autophagy in the laser treatment of skin photoageing is still unclear. This study aims to investigate whether autophagy is involved in the mechanism of Q‐switched 1064 nm Nd: YAG in the treatment of skin ageing. In vitro, primary human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells were irradiated with different doses of UVB to establish a cell model of skin photoageing. In vivo, SKH‐1 hairless mice were irradiated with UVB to establish a skin photoageing mouse model and irradiated with laser. The oxidative stress and autophagy levels were detected by western blot, immunofluorescence and flow cytometer. String was used to predict the interaction protein of TGF‐β1, and CO‐IP and GST‐pull down were used to detect the binding relationship between TGFβ1 and ITGB1. In vitro, UVB irradiation reduced HDF cell viability, arrested cell cycle, induced cell senescence and oxidative stress compared with the control group. Laser treatment reversed cell viability, senescence and oxidative stress induced by UVB irradiation and activated autophagy. Autophagy agonists or inhibitors can enhance or attenuate the changes induced by laser treatment, respectively. In vivo, UVB irradiation caused hyperkeratosis, dermis destruction, collagen fibres reduction, increased cellular senescence and activation of oxidative stress in hairless mice. Laser treatment thinned the stratum corneum of skin tissue, increased collagen synthesis and autophagy in the dermis, and decreased the level of oxidative stress. Autophagy agonist rapamycin and autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) can enhance or attenuate the effects of laser treatment on the skin, respectively. Also, we identified a direct interaction between TGFB1 and ITGB1 and participated in laser irradiation‐activated autophagy, thereby inhibiting UVB‐mediated oxidative stress further reducing skin ageing. Q‐switched 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser treatment inhibited UVB‐induced oxidative stress and restored skin photoageing by activating autophagy, and TGFβ1 and ITGB1 directly incorporated and participated in this process.

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Melanin index in assessing the treatment efficacy of 1064 nm Q switched Nd-Yag laser in nevus of Ota

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Variables that predict response of nevus of ota to lasers

Variables that predict response of nevus of ota to lasers

Pilot Study to Demonstrate Improvement in Skin Tone and Texture by Treatment with a 1064 nm Q-Switched Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser

Q‐switched 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser restores skin photoageing by activating autophagy by TGFβ1 and ITGB1

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