Melanocytic naevi and melanoma in survivors of childhood cancer

Green, A; Smith, Pamela J. Olúbùnmi; McWhirter, W.; O'Regan, Patrick J.; Battistutta, Diana; Yarker, ME; Lape, K

doi:10.1038/bjc.1993.193

Cited by 29 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Chemotherapy appeared to be the strongest contributor to the melanoma excess, because none of the patients with melanoma were known to have developed the cancer within the radiation field. Previous studies have found that chemotherapy is associated with increased total body counts of atypical and acral nevi, which predispose to melanoma, particularly in the setting of immunologic defects 17. It is noteworthy that an indistinct “melanoma/sarcoma” syndrome has been described that may represent a genetic constellation of multiple cancers 18, 19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The risk of developing second cancers among survivors of childhood soft tissue sarcoma

Cohen

Curtis

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et al. 2005

Cancer

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BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that children who are treated for soft tissue sarcoma (STS) are at increased risk for developing second cancers. However, the risk for specific cancer sites and variations in risk by treatment and STS histology remain unclear. METHODS The study evaluated 1499 children (age < 18 years) who survived for ≥ 1 year after they were diagnosed with STS and who were reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population‐based cancer registries from 1973 to 2000. RESULTS Twenty‐seven children developed 28 subsequent primary malignancies, compared with 4.5 expected malignances based on general population rates (observed‐to‐expected [O/E] ratio = 6.3 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 4.2–9.1). The risk of developing a subsequent malignancy was increased among children with rhabdomyosarcoma (observed = 11 malignancies; O/E ratio = 7.7), fibromatous neoplasms (observed = 9 malignancies; O/E ratio = 5.8), and other specified STS (observed = 7 malignancies; O/E ratio = 6.5). Initial therapy with radiation and chemotherapeutic agents was associated with a significantly higher risk of second malignancies compared with surgery alone (O/E ratio = 15.2 vs. 1.4; P < 0.0001). Elevated risks were observed for acute myeloid leukemia, cutaneous melanoma, female breast cancer, and sarcomas of the bone and soft tissue, with generally higher risks among patients who initially received combined modality therapy. Excess cancers of the oral cavity were prominent among long‐term survivors. For several children, the pattern of multiple malignancies was consistent with a genetic syndrome, particularly neurofibromatosis type 1 and Li–Fraumeni syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The risk of second malignancies was increased for all histologic types of childhood STS and was particularly high among patients who received combined modality therapy. Cancer 2005. Published 2005 by the American Cancer Society.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The risk of developing second cancers among survivors of childhood soft tissue sarcoma

Cohen

Curtis

Inskip

et al. 2005

Cancer

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“…The role of sex hormones in the occurrence of nevi is unclear, but growth hormone appears to stimulate their growth [10]. Chemotherapy may also play a role in the development of melanoma [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood melanoma in Australia

McWhirter

Dobson

1995

World j. surg.

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Data from a population-based registry, the Australian Paediatric Cancer Registry, were used to determine the incidence of malignant melanoma in children under 15 years of age in Australia. Over a 17-year period, 217 cases were identified. For the period 1977-89 inclusive, the annual age incidence was 0.34 per 100,000. There was some variation in incidence between the different states with Queensland recording the highest incidence at 0.97 per 100,000, the highest reported incidence in the world for childhood melanoma. Most of the cases occurred in children aged 13 or 14 years old with girls affected slightly more often, the sex ratio being 0.92. There was a statistically significant seasonal variation with fewer cases being diagnosed during the winter months. The commonest site was the trunk. Two of the cases were second neoplasms. This series demonstrates the need for increased education of children living in tropical and subtropical regions about the dangers of sun exposure and of methods of reducing exposure. Children who have undergone chemotherapy appear to be at particular risk.

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“…Studies focusing on the development of MN revealed the importance of pigmentary factors like fair skin color, red hair, blue eyes, a tendency to freckles, and a propensity to burn which appear to measure overall sun sensitivity (46, 52–54, 56, 57, 63–66). Twin studies and studies of relatives of melanoma cases consistently conclude that there is a strong inherited basis for the total number of MN and for nevus density (58, 67–72).…”

Section: Risk Factors For the Development Of Melanocytic Nevimentioning

confidence: 98%

Acquired Melanocytic Nevi as Risk Factor for Melanoma Development. A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiological Data

Bauer

Garbe

2003

Pigment Cell Research

189

128

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Acquired melanocytic nevi (MN) in Caucasian populations are important markers for the risk of melanoma development. The total number of MN on the whole body is the most important independent risk factor for melanoma and the risk of melanoma development increases almost linearly with rising numbers of MN. Additionally, the presence of atypical MN and of actinic lentigines are likewise independent risk factors for melanoma. Atypical mole syndrome should be defined by the presence of many acquired MN and a threshold number of atypical MN. Acquired MN develops mainly during childhood and adolescence in the first two decades of life. The number of acquired nevi seems to be related to hereditary factors and nevus-prone families exist. The amount of sun exposure is the most important environmental risk factor for nevus development, particularly in early childhood. Interestingly, sunburns may play a role in nevus development, but seem not to be required, and even moderate sun exposure promotes the process. Therefore, preventive measures for nevus and melanoma development should target young children and adolescents.

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Melanocytic naevi and melanoma in survivors of childhood cancer

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

The risk of developing second cancers among survivors of childhood soft tissue sarcoma

The risk of developing second cancers among survivors of childhood soft tissue sarcoma

Childhood melanoma in Australia

Acquired Melanocytic Nevi as Risk Factor for Melanoma Development. A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiological Data

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