Melanogenesis Stimulation in Murine B16 Melanoma Cells by Kava (Piper methysticum) Rhizome Extract and Kavalactones

Matsuda, Hideaki; Hirata, Noriko; Kawaguchi, Yoshihisa; Naruto, Shunsuke; Takata, Takanobu; Oyama, Masayoshi; Iinuma, Munekazu; Kubo, Michinori

doi:10.1248/bpb.29.834

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…19) Briefly, test samples were dissolved in DMSO/Ca Assay of Cell Proliferation The cell proliferation of murine B16 melanoma cells was assessed using the MTT method described in our previous paper. 19) Cell proliferation in the treated group was compared with that in the control group.…”

Section: Measurement Of Melanin In Cultured B16 Melanoma Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effects of Citrus hassaku Extract and Its Flavanone Glycosides on Melanogenesis

Itoh

Hirata

Masuda

et al. 2009

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Melanogenesis stimulated by UV irradiation occurs in plants, microorganisms, and mammalian cells by an enzymatic oxidation process starting with L-tyrosine. Various ingredients for skin-whitening cosmetics are developing to reduce melanogenesis. Tyrosinase catalyzes the oxidation of L-tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA), followed by the oxidation of L-DOPA to dopaquinone, and oxidative polymerization of several dopaquinone derivatives produces melanin. Thus the tyrosinase inhibitor is one of the candidates for reduction of melanogenesis.1) On the other hand, it has been reported that superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the key factors that reduce melanin production caused by UV irradiation.2) Therefore tyrosinase inhibitors with SOD-like activity and/or antioxidant activity may be useful ingredients in the field of skin-whitening cosmetics. During our screening program to find a potential tyrosinase inhibitor from natural resources, we reported several crude drugs, such as Glebnia littoralis F. SCHMIDT, Prunus zippeliana M., Myrica rubra S. et ZUCC., and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi L. SPRENGEL, some of which have been applied to cosmetic beauty preparations. 1,[3][4][5] Recently, the tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the peel of Citrus fruit (Citrus unshiu Markovich) and its flavonoids, such as nobiletin, have been reported. 6,7) As a part of our continuous studies on the biological activities of Citrus species, [8][9][10][11][12] we found that a 50% ethanolic extract (CH-ext) obtained from the unripe fruit of Citrus hassaku HORT ex T. TANAKA, which was collected by thinning out in July, exhibited potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Thinning out the unripe fruit of C. hassaku in July is important for a rich harvest of ripe fruit in December. Thus this study was undertaken to examine whether the unripe fruit of C. hassaku collected in July by thinning can be utilized as a plant resource for skin-whitening cosmetic agents, because, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of C. hassaku. First, to identify the active component, we carried out activity-guided fractionation of the CH-ext using tyrosinase inhibitory assay. For antioxidant activity, SOD-like and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of the CH-ext and its flavanone glycosides were also studied. Second, according to the method of Imokawa, 13) we examined the effects of the CH-ext on melanogenesis using cultured murine B16 melanoma cells after exposure to glucosamine. Third, we examined the in vivo preventive effects of the CH-ext against UVB-induced pigmentation of dorsal skin in brownish guinea pigs. 14) MATERIALS AND METHODSReagents Hesperidin, naringin, and neohesperidin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Japan (Tokyo, Japan). Narirutin was isolated from fruit of C. unshiu.10) Other chemical and biochemical reagents were of reagent grade and were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan) and/or Nacalai Tesque, Inc. (Kyoto, Japan)...

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Section: Measurement Of Melanin In Cultured B16 Melanoma Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effects of Citrus hassaku Extract and Its Flavanone Glycosides on Melanogenesis

Itoh

Hirata

Masuda

et al. 2009

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…3,4) Therefore, it was expected that agents which exhibit both melanogenesis stimulation activity and testosterone 5a-reductase inhibitory activity may be desirable ingredients of hair-care cosmetic products for prevention of gray hair and alopecia. During the course of our screening program using cultured murine B16 melanoma cells for the development of gray hair prevention agents from natural resources, we found that extracts of some Piper species (Piperaceae) showed a potent stimulation effect on melanogenesis without any effects on cell proliferation, and two lignans, (Ϫ)-cubebin (1) and (Ϫ)-3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenedioxycubebin (2), were isolated as active constituents from the leaves of Piper nigrum L. [5][6][7] With the expectation that we might find new desirable agents from Piper species to prevent gray hair and alopecia as described above, the testosterone 5a-reductase inhibitory activity of 50% ethanolic extracts obtained from several different parts of six Piper species (P. nigrum L., P. methysticum FORST., P. betle L., P. kadsura (CHOISY) OHWI, P. longum L., and P. cubeba L.) was examined. This paper deals with the screening results of in vitro testosterone 5a-reductase inhibitory activity of Piper species, the activity-guided fractionation of P. nigrum leaf extract led to the isolation of active lignans, 1 and 2, and the in vivo anti-androgenic activity of the leaf extract.…”

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confidence: 99%

Testosterone 5.ALPHA.-Reductase Inhibitory Active Constituents of Piper nigrum Leaf

Hirata

Tokunaga

Naruto

et al. 2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Furthermore, it has been shown that extracts from some herbs, including kava rhizome extract (43), glycyrrhizin (44), lotus flower (45), cubebin (46), quercetin (47) and naringenin (17) increase melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells and human melanocytes, thereby indicating that natural resources should be extensively screened for the development of gray hair prevention agents or therapeutic drugs to induce repigmentation in the skin of vitiligo patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mangosteen leaf extract increases melanogenesis in B16F1 melanoma cells by stimulating tyrosinase activity in vitro and by up-regulating tyrosinase gene expression

2011

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Abstract. Melanin synthesis is stimulated by various effectors, including α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), cyclic AMP (cAMP)-elevating agents (forskolin, isobutylmethylxantine, glycyrrhizin) and ultraviolet light. Our investigation focused on the identification of the melanogenic efficacy of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) leaf extract with regard to its effects on melanogenesis in B16F1 melanoma cells, since it has been known to possess strong anti-oxidant activities. The mangosteen leaf extract was found to stimulate melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner without any significant effects on cell proliferation. Cytotoxicity of the extract was measured using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; the highest concentration of the extract that did not affect cell viability was 32 µg/ml. Formation of melanin from cultured B16F1 melanoma induced by extract treatment was estimated using spectrophotometry. In order to clarify the subsequent mechanism of tyrosinase activation by the extract, the levels of tyrosinase expression in B16F1 melanoma were examined using an intracellular tyrosinase assay and tyrosinase zymography. Up-regulation of intracellular tyrosinase expression seemed to correlate with an increase in microphtalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) protein levels since MITF is the key factor for genes involved in melanogenesis. Both of the results showed that tyrosinase activity was markedly enhanced from extract-treated cells. The overall results suggest that mangosteen leaf extract may be a promising candidate for the treatment of hypopigmentation disorder and useful for selftanning cosmetic products.

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Melanogenesis Stimulation in Murine B16 Melanoma Cells by Kava (Piper methysticum) Rhizome Extract and Kavalactones

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Inhibitory Effects of Citrus hassaku Extract and Its Flavanone Glycosides on Melanogenesis

Inhibitory Effects of Citrus hassaku Extract and Its Flavanone Glycosides on Melanogenesis

Testosterone 5.ALPHA.-Reductase Inhibitory Active Constituents of Piper nigrum Leaf

Mangosteen leaf extract increases melanogenesis in B16F1 melanoma cells by stimulating tyrosinase activity in vitro and by up-regulating tyrosinase gene expression

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