Melanoma

Bergman, Philip J.; Selmic, Laura E.; Kent, Michael S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-59496-7.00020-7

Cited by 15 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…Canine oral melanoma (OM) is characterized by locally invasive tumours and high rates of metastasis to regional lymph nodes (LN) and distant organs (e.g. lungs and other) 1–14 . Measurable responses to platinum chemotherapeutics occur in about 30% of cases; however, such treatment has no demonstrable anti‐metastatic or life‐prolonging effect when used as adjunctive therapy 1,10–12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…lungs and other) 1–14 . Measurable responses to platinum chemotherapeutics occur in about 30% of cases; however, such treatment has no demonstrable anti‐metastatic or life‐prolonging effect when used as adjunctive therapy 1,10–12 . The literature is also inconsistent with regard to demonstration of antineoplastic efficacy for available immunotherapies (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature is also inconsistent with regard to demonstration of antineoplastic efficacy for available immunotherapies (e.g. ONCEPT; Merial, Duluth, GA) 1–5 . Surgery has long been a mainstay of therapy; with surgery alone, published median overall survival (OS) times range from 150 to 1020 days 15–19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various RT protocols have been described, but an optimal fractionation scheme has not been defined. Current practice patterns favour use of hypofractionated RT; reported response rates in dogs with gross disease exceed 80%, with at least 44% having complete responses and published median OS times ranging from 122 to 363 days 1,6–10,20 . A commonly used but infrequently reported protocol is 36 Gy total in six fractions of 6 Gy (hereafter referred to as ‘6 Gy × 6’).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A retrospective study of 101 dogs with oral melanoma treated with a weekly or biweekly 6 Gy × 6 radiotherapy protocol

Baja

Kelsey

Ruslander³

et al. 2022

Vet Comparative Oncology

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One radiotherapy (RT) protocol used for canine oral melanoma (OM) gives 36 Gy total, in six weekly or biweekly fractions (6 Gy × 6). This retrospective study characterizes oncologic outcomes for a relatively large group of dogs treated with this protocol and determines whether radiation dose intensity (weekly vs. biweekly) affected either progression‐free or overall survival (PFS and OS). Dogs were included if 6 Gy × 6 was used to treat grossly evident OM, or if RT was used postoperatively in the subclinical disease setting. Kaplan–Meier statistics and Cox regression modelling were used to determine the predictive or prognostic value of mitotic count, bony lysis, World Health Organization (WHO) stage (I, II, III, or IV), using systemic anti‐cancer therapies, tumour burden at the time of RT (macroscopic vs. subclinical), radiation dose intensity (weekly vs. biweekly), and treatment planning type (manual vs. computerized). The median PFS and OS times for all dogs (n = 101) were 171 and 232 days, respectively. On univariate analysis PFS and OS were significantly longer (p = <.05) with subclinical tumour burden, WHO stages I or II, and weekly irradiation. On multivariable analysis, only tumour stage remained significant; therefore, cases were grouped by WHO stage (I/II vs. III/IV). With low WHO stage (I/II), PFS and OS were longer when irradiating subclinical disease (PFS: risk ratio = 0.449, p = .032; OS: risk ratio = 0.422, p = .022); this was not true for high WHO stage (III/IV). When accounting for other factors, radiation dose intensity had no measurable impact on survival in either staging group.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A retrospective study of 101 dogs with oral melanoma treated with a weekly or biweekly 6 Gy × 6 radiotherapy protocol

Baja

Kelsey

Ruslander³

et al. 2022

Vet Comparative Oncology

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“…Canine oral malignant melanoma (COMM) invades locally and is characterized by a high and early metastatic potential to regional lymph nodes and lungs, although other sites may also be affected. The clinical‐biological behaviour of MM in dogs may be predicted based on prognostic factors including anatomic site, size, and clinical stage 3‐5 . Other prognosticators include Ki67, mitotic index, nuclear atypia, degree of pigmentation, and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)‐α/−𝛽 co‐expression 6‐8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of prognostic impact of pre‐treatment neutrophil to lymphocyte and lymphocyte to monocyte ratios in dogs with oral malignant melanoma treated with surgery and adjuvantCSPG4‐antigen electrovaccination: an explorative study

Camerino

Giacobino

Iussich

et al. 2021

Vet Comparative Oncology

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The role of systemic inflammation in cancer's progression has been widely investigated, especially in melanoma in humans. Pre‐treatment leukocyte counts and ratios play a recognized prognostic role in several types of malignancies, but no information is available regarding canine oral malignant melanoma (COMM). The purpose of this explorative retrospective study was to investigate the prognostic impact of pre‐treatment neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR) and lymphocyte to monocyte (LMR) ratios in dogs with oral malignant melanoma that underwent surgical resection and immunotherapy with adjuvant CSPG4‐antigen electrovaccination. Thirty‐nine dogs with histologically confirmed oral melanoma and with available pre‐treatment haematological analyses, performed at maximum 60 days before the first treatment, were retrospectively enrolled. Statistical analysis was performed to explore possible correlations among NLR and LMR with age, clinical stage, tumour pigmentation, tumour size, nuclear atypia, mitotic index, Ki67, CSPG4 expression, ulceration, bone invasion and excision margins status. The impact of NLR and LMR on overall survival time (OST) was explored among various ratio cut off and across different time points with Kaplan‐Meier method. No significant relationship was identified between leukocytes ratios and histological parameters, CSPG4 expression, excision margin status, age, tumour size and clinical stage. NLR and LMR did not display a prognostic impact on the survival time of the entire population. Pre‐treatment leukocyte ratios may not represent a useful prognostic factor in dogs with oral melanoma, especially in absence of distant metastatic disease.

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The human and animals’ malignant melanoma: comparative tumor models and the role of microbiome in dogs and humans

2023

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Currently, the most progressively occurring incident cancer is melanoma. The mouse is the most popular model in human melanoma research given its various benefits as a laboratory animal. Nevertheless, unlike humans, mice do not develop melanoma spontaneously, so they need to be genetically manipulated. In opposition, there are several reports of other animals, ranging from wild to domesticated animals, that spontaneously develop melanoma and that have cancer pathways that are similar to those of humans. The influence of the gut microbiome on health and disease is being the aim of many recent studies. It has been proven that the microbiome is a determinant of the host's immune status and disease prevention. In human medicine, there is increasing evidence that changes in the microbiome influences malignant melanoma progression and response to therapy. There are several similarities between some animals and human melanoma, especially between canine and human oral malignant melanoma as well as between the gut microbiome of both species. However, microbiome studies are scarce in veterinary medicine, especially in the oncology field. Future studies need to address the relevance of gut and tissue microbiome for canine malignant melanoma development, which results will certainly benefit both species in the context of translational medicine. Melanoma Res 33: 87-103

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Melanoma

Cited by 15 publications

References 183 publications

A retrospective study of 101 dogs with oral melanoma treated with a weekly or biweekly 6 Gy × 6 radiotherapy protocol

A retrospective study of 101 dogs with oral melanoma treated with a weekly or biweekly 6 Gy × 6 radiotherapy protocol

Evaluation of prognostic impact of pre‐treatment neutrophil to lymphocyte and lymphocyte to monocyte ratios in dogs with oral malignant melanoma treated with surgery and adjuvantCSPG4‐antigen electrovaccination: an explorative study

The human and animals’ malignant melanoma: comparative tumor models and the role of microbiome in dogs and humans

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