Melanoma Incidence in Children and Adolescents: Decreasing Trends in the United States

Campbell, Laura; Kreicher, Kathryn L.; Gittleman, Haley; Strodtbeck, Kyle; Barnholtz‐Sloan, Jill S.; Bordeaux, Jeremy S.

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.02.050

Cited by 78 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…The increasing trend of paediatric melanoma incidence in the Netherlands seems to have declined since 2005. Trends in incidence rates also decreased in the United States and Sweden since the mid‐1990s, and since 2004 in Australia . The authors attribute the decreasing incidence rates to a change in sun‐related behaviour due to prevention campaigns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In the past 2–3 decades, an annual increase in paediatric melanoma of 1–4% has been reported in the United States and UK . In Australia, Sweden and another US study, decreasing incidences were found since mid‐1990s and 2004, respectively, with an annual percentage change of 6–11%, after initial increases in earlier years . Incidence trends are mainly seen in adolescents; in children, incidence rates seem relatively stable over the past decades, although, one study in the United States reported an annual increasing incidence in this young age group, of 1% per year (1998–2007) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the Netherlands, paediatric melanoma accounted for 5% of all paediatric malignancies up the age of 17 years in 2016 . In North American and European countries, paediatric melanoma incidence rates vary from about 0.3 to 1 per 100 000 person‐years . In the past 2–3 decades, an annual increase in paediatric melanoma of 1–4% has been reported in the United States and UK .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Incidence and relative survival of melanoma in children and adolescents in the Netherlands, 1989–2013

Eggen

Durgaram

Doorn

et al. 2017

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Incidence and relative survival of melanoma in children and adolescents in the Netherlands, 1989–2013

Eggen

Durgaram

Doorn

et al. 2017

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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show abstract

“…malignant melanoma is a rare entity in childhood and reports of its increasing long-term incidence trends have been recently challenged 1,5 . The known risk factors in children include genetic factors (genodermatoses such as xeroderma pigmentosum, dysplastic nevus syndrome, Werner syndrome, neurocutaneous melanosis) but also immunodeficiency, past cancer treatment and familial incidence of melanoma 2,3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone marrow metastasis of malignant melanoma in childhood arising within a congenital melanocytic nevus

Volejnikova¹,

Bajčiová²,

Sulovska³

et al. 2016

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

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Background. Malignant melanoma in childhood is infrequent and can arise within congenital melanocytic nevi. Spread of malignant melanoma to the bone marrow, especially in children, is extremely rare. Methods and Results. Reported is a case of a 5-year-old boy with a congenital large melanocytic nevus of the head and neck who presented with a short history of low back and leg pain, fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. Despite regular follow-up by a dermatologist and plastic surgeon and repeatedly negative histology of previous partial excisions, diffuse bone marrow infiltration with malignant melanoma was diagnosed. The primary site was identified in the post-excision area. The disease progressed rapidly on ipilimumab immunotherapy and led to death at four months from the diagnosis. Conclusion. Surveillance is indispensable in children with a predisposition to melanoma and nonspecific symptoms such as bone pain, gait impairment or cytopenia, should always be taken into account.

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“…Although recent reports indicate a mitigation of this trend678, melanoma remains one of the most commonly occurring solid tumors in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) aged 15–29 years91011, accounting for 4% of all cancers diagnosed in this age group12. AYAs with cancer suffer from poorer care and a lag in outcome improvements and it is unclear whether this group should be classified and treated as similarly to older adults, younger pediatric patients, or as a unique subgroup altogether131415.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of TERT Are Associated with Inferior Outcome in Adolescent and Young Adult Patients with Melanoma

Seynnaeve

Lee

Borah

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Progression of melanoma to distant sites in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) is not reliably predicted by clinicopathologic criteria. TERT promoter mutations when combined with BRAF/NRAS mutations correlate with adverse outcome in adult melanoma. To determine the prognostic value of TERT alterations in AYA melanoma, we investigated the association of TERT promoter mutations, as well as promoter methylation, an epigenetic alteration also linked to TERT upregulation, with TERT mRNA expression and outcome using a well-characterized cohort of 27 patients with melanoma (ages 8–25, mean 20). TERT mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in tumors harboring TERT promoter mutation and/or hypermethylation than those without either aberration (P = 0.046). TERT promoter mutations alone did not predict adverse outcomes (P = 0.50), but the presence of TERT promoter methylation, alone or concurrent with promoter mutations, correlated with reduced recurrence-free survival (P = 0.001). These data suggest that genetic and epigenetic alterations of TERT are associated with TERT upregulation and may predict clinical outcomes in AYA melanoma. A more exhaustive understanding of the different molecular mechanisms leading to increased TERT expression may guide development of prognostic assays to stratify AYA melanoma patients according to clinical risk.

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Melanoma Incidence in Children and Adolescents: Decreasing Trends in the United States

Cited by 78 publications

References 40 publications

Incidence and relative survival of melanoma in children and adolescents in the Netherlands, 1989–2013

Incidence and relative survival of melanoma in children and adolescents in the Netherlands, 1989–2013

Bone marrow metastasis of malignant melanoma in childhood arising within a congenital melanocytic nevus

Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of TERT Are Associated with Inferior Outcome in Adolescent and Young Adult Patients with Melanoma

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