Melanosome transfer to keratinocyte in the chicken embryonic skin is mediated by vesicle release associated with Rho-regulated membrane blebbing

Tadokoro, Ryosuke; Murai, Hidetaka; Sakai, Kenichiro; Okui, Takahiro; Yokota, Yasuhiro; Takahashi, Yoshiko

doi:10.1038/srep38277

Cited by 35 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This suggests that the expression of PtdSer on secreted melanosome clusters is a signal for recognition and phagocytosis by fibroblasts, in a similar manner as observed in ordinary exosomes. Another example is that PtdSer exposure was also observed in vesicles of membrane blebs containing a melanosome pinched off from melanocytes in chicken embryonic skin, and acts as a landmark for engulfment by neighboring keratinocytes [29]. These findings shed light on the notion that PtdSer-mediated endocytosis is utilized commonly in many events that occur in the skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Dermal Fibroblasts Internalize Phosphatidylserine-Exposed Secretory Melanosome Clusters and Apoptotic Melanocytes

Ando

Yoshimoto

Yoshida

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Pigmentation in the dermis is known to be caused by melanophages, defined as melanosome-laden macrophages. In this study, we show that dermal fibroblasts also have an ability to uptake melanosomes and apoptotic melanocytes. We have previously demonstrated that normal human melanocytes constantly secrete melanosome clusters from various sites of their dendrites. After adding secreted melanosome clusters collected from the culture medium of melanocytes, time-lapse imaging showed that fibroblasts actively attached to the secreted melanosome clusters and incorporated them. Annexin V staining revealed that phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), which is known as an ‘eat-me’ signal that triggers the internalization of apoptotic cells by macrophages, is exposed on the surface of secreted melanosome clusters. Dermal fibroblasts were able to uptake secreted melanosome clusters as did macrophages, and those fibroblasts express TIM4, a receptor for PtdSer-mediated endocytosis. Further, co-cultures of fibroblasts and melanocytes demonstrated that dermal fibroblasts internalize PtdSer-exposed apoptotic melanocytes. These results suggest that not only macrophages, but also dermal fibroblasts contribute to the collection of potentially toxic substances in the dermis, such as secreted melanosome clusters and apoptotic melanocytes, that have been occasionally observed to drop down into the dermis from the epidermis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Dermal Fibroblasts Internalize Phosphatidylserine-Exposed Secretory Melanosome Clusters and Apoptotic Melanocytes

Ando

Yoshimoto

Yoshida

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Several models for the transfer mechanism have been proposed, and two of them have received more attention recently: the shedding of melanosome-loaded vesicles by melanocytes that are subsequently phagocytosed by keratinocytes and the exocytosis by melanocytes of melanosome cores or melanocores, which are then endo/phagocytosed by keratinocytes (Wu and Hammer, 2014). A recent study using chicken embryonic skin found evidence for the shedding/phagocytosis model (Tadokoro et al, 2016). On the other hand, we proposed that coupled exo/endocytosis of melanocores is the prevalent mechanism of melanin transfer present in human skin (Tarafder et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanin Transferred to Keratinocytes Resides in Nondegradative Endocytic Compartments

Correia

Moreiras

Pereira

et al. 2018

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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Melanin transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes and subsequent accumulation in the supranuclear region is a critical process in skin pigmentation and protection against UVR. We have previously proposed that the main mode of transfer between melanocytes and keratinocytes is through exo/endocytosis of the melanosome core, termed melanocore. In this study, we developed an in vitro uptake assay using melanocores secreted by melanocytes. We show that the uptake of melanocores, but not melanosomes, by keratinocytes is protease-activated receptor-2-dependent. Furthermore, we found that the silencing of the early endocytic regulator Rab5b, but not the late endocytic regulators Rab7a or Rab9a, significantly impairs melanocore uptake by keratinocytes. After uptake, we observed that melanin accumulates in compartments that are positive for both early and late endocytic markers. We found that melanin does not localize to either highly degradative or acidic organelles, as assessed by LysoTracker and DQ-BSA staining, despite the abundance of these types of organelles within keratinocytes. Therefore, we propose that melanocore uptake leads to storage of melanin within keratinocytes in hybrid endocytic compartments that are not highly acidic or degradative. By avoiding lysosomal degradation, these specialized endosomes may allow melanin to persist within keratinocytes for long periods.

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“…So far, different models of melanosome transfer have been proposed (Wu and Hammer, 2014). A recent study using live imaging of chicken embryonic skin revealed that melanosomes are transferred by vesicles derived from the melanocyte plasma membrane (Tadokoro et al, 2016).…”

Section: Molecular Mechanism Of Colorations: Melanin Non-melanin Chementioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Pigment Pattern Formation: Developmental Control of Macro- (Across the Body) and Micro- (Within a Feather) Level of Pigment Patterns

Inaba

Chuong

2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Animal color patterns are of interest to many fields, such as developmental biology, evolutionary biology, ethology, mathematical biology, bio-mimetics, etc. The skin provides easy access to experimentation and analysis enabling the developmental pigment patterning process to be analyzed at the cellular and molecular level. Studies in animals with distinct pigment patterns (such as zebrafish, horse, feline, etc.) have revealed some genetic information underlying color pattern formation. Yet, how the complex pigment patterns in diverse avian species are established remains an open question. Here we summarize recent progress. Avian plumage shows color patterns occurring at different spatial levels. The two main levels are macro-(across the body) and micro-(within a feather) pigment patterns. At the cellular level, colors are mainly produced by melanocytes generating eumelanin (black) and pheomelanin (yellow, orange). These melanin-based patterns are regulated by melanocyte migration, differentiation, cell death, and/or interaction with neighboring skin cells. In addition, non-melanin chemical pigments and structural colors add more colors to the available palette in different cell types or skin regions. We discuss classic and recent tissue transplantation experiments that explore the avian pigment patterning process and some potential molecular mechanisms. We find color patterns can be controlled autonomously by melanocytes but also non-autonomously by dermal cells. Complex plumage color patterns are generated by the combination of these multi-scale patterning mechanisms. These interactions can be further modulated by environmental factors such as sex hormones, which generate striking sexual dimorphic colors in avian integuments and can also be influenced by seasons and aging.

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Melanosome transfer to keratinocyte in the chicken embryonic skin is mediated by vesicle release associated with Rho-regulated membrane blebbing

Cited by 35 publications

References 50 publications

Dermal Fibroblasts Internalize Phosphatidylserine-Exposed Secretory Melanosome Clusters and Apoptotic Melanocytes

Dermal Fibroblasts Internalize Phosphatidylserine-Exposed Secretory Melanosome Clusters and Apoptotic Melanocytes

Melanin Transferred to Keratinocytes Resides in Nondegradative Endocytic Compartments

Avian Pigment Pattern Formation: Developmental Control of Macro- (Across the Body) and Micro- (Within a Feather) Level of Pigment Patterns

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