Melasma Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Etiology: An Update Review

Abdalla, M. Sebawe

doi:10.33192/smj.2021.109

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The predominant race was white (62.4%), followed by brown (25.7%) and black (11.8%). Regarding the Fitzpatrick phototype blue or green eyes; Type II, fair skin with minimal tan and easy burning, also encompassing characteristics of red or blonde hair, brown, green or blue eyes; Type III, in which there is a uniform tan with a slight burning, regardless of hair and eye color; Type IV, referring to individuals with ease of tanning and minimal skin burning; Type V, dark brown skin, tans very easily and rarely burns; and Type VI, in which it characterizes the deep pigmentation of the dark brown of the skin, being insensitive to the sun's rays [7,8].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Physiological Skin Changes in Pregnancy in a Public Maternity in Southern Brazil

Nunes¹,

Ribeiro²,

Gabriela³

et al. 2022

J Dermatol Res Ther

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of physiological dermatological changes during pregnancy.Methods: This is a descriptive study, carried out in a public maternity hospital in southern Brazil, from June to August 2021 through a randomized sample of puerperal women. Through a self-reported interview, maternal-fetal data, sun exposure, photoprotection and skin changes were analyzed. Results: A total of 439 postpartum women were evaluated, 415 (94.5%) of whom presented some dermatological alteration. 237 (54.0) felt uncomfortable, affecting the selfesteem of 182 (41.5) and social interaction of 82 (18.7). However, only 64 (14.5) received medical advice and only 62 (14.1) underwent treatment. Hyperpigmentation affected 345 patients (78.6), starting mainly in the 2 nd trimester. The most affected regions were linea alba (68.7), nipples (77.4) and axillae (57.7). Melasma affected 144 women (32.8), and the 2 nd trimester was also the most prevalent. Of these, 92 (63.9) had Centrofacial Melasma, 19 (13.2) Peripheral and 33 (22.9) Mixed. Stretch marks occurred in 253 postpartum women (57.6), starting in the 3 rd trimester. The main regions affected were the abdomen (77.9), hips (49.8) and breasts (28.0). Vascular changes occurred in 123 patients (28.0), starting in the 3 rd trimester. The most common presentations were varicosities (86.2) and vascular spiders (22.8). Erythema Palmar affected 77 women (17.5), with onset prevalent in the 2 nd trimester. Conclusion:94.5% of the patients had some dermatological alteration, with Hyperpigmentation (78.6) and Stretch Marks (57.6) being the most prevalent.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Physiological Skin Changes in Pregnancy in a Public Maternity in Southern Brazil

Nunes¹,

Ribeiro²,

Gabriela³

et al. 2022

J Dermatol Res Ther

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Areas on the face that are often exposed are the cheeks, chin, forehead, nose, upper lip, and temples. 21,22 Although various treatments and combinations have been carried out, a distinct challenge for clinicians in treating melasma is due to the chronic and recurrent course of the disease. So that new strategies for the treatment of melasma are still needed.…”

Section: Melasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Literature Review: The Role of Saffron (Crocus sativus L) in Cosmetic Dermatology

Damayanti,

Riyanto

2023

dmj

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background : Crocus sativus L known as saffron is widely discussed in Indonesia. Although saffron has been used since ancient times for medicinal and cosmetic purposes, scientific research on the mechanism of saffron in its role in promoting skin health is lacking. Objectives : This literature review is to determine the role of saffron in cosmetic dermatology. Methods : This article is a narrative research. The library sources that used was carried out through the database Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cochrane. The article search does not limit study design or study level. All articles were searched from 2012 to June 2023. The study inclusion criteria included: data available in English and Indonesian. Exclusion criteria were articles on the benefits of using saffron in the other field of dermatology and the use of saffron in combination with other topical active ingredients. Results : There were 16 articles which meet the criterias. It was found that saffron play role in the cosmetic dermatology such as in skin aging, melasma, as a photoprotection agents, skin moisturizer, prevention and treatment of skin cancer, as well as preparation of cosmetic products. Saffron has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antipigmentation, antiwrinkle, anticarcinogenic and photoprotective activities. Conclusion : Crocus sativus L is a natural ingredient that has the potential to be further developed into medicinal forms, both oral and topical preparations because it is proven to have various pharmacological effects that play role in the cosmetic dermatology.

show abstract

“…Melasma is a prevalent dermatological condition distinguished by brown or gray-brown patches on the face, more frequently affecting women, especially those with darker skin types (1). This chronic and acquired condition is not congenital but develops over time and is notably more common during pregnancy (2,3). The incidence of melasma during pregnancy varies across different populations, with a study in Pakistan reporting a prevalence of 46% among pregnant women (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Efficacy of 5% Tranexamic Acid vs 20% Azelaic Acid in Patients of Melasma

Mushtaq,

Marwat,

Saleem

et al. 2024

JHRR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Melasma is a significant cosmetic concern globally, affecting individuals across various ethnic backgrounds, particularly in South Asian populations. The condition's etiology is complex, involving genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors such as sun exposure. Despite numerous treatment options, melasma remains challenging to manage effectively. Recent studies have explored the efficacy of tranexamic acid and azelaic acid, both of which target the melanin synthesis pathway but through different mechanisms. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of topical 5% tranexamic acid versus 20% azelaic acid in the treatment of melasma, with a focus on changes in the Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) scores. Methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted at the Dermatology department of PIMS Hospital, Pakistan, over six months from August 2023 to January 2024. A total of 200 patients with melasma were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups: Group A received 5% tranexamic acid cream, and Group B received 20% azelaic acid cream, both applied twice daily. Inclusion criteria included men and women aged 18 to 50 years with a diagnosis of melasma for at least six months. Pregnant women, patients with a history of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) or Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), and those on hormonal therapy were excluded. The primary outcome measure was the change in MASI scores from baseline to the end of the study period. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 25. Results: The study found significant differences in treatment efficacy between the two groups. Group A (tranexamic acid) showed a reduction in MASI scores from 7.94 ± 1.88 at baseline to 5.50 ± 1.61 post-treatment. Group B (azelaic acid) demonstrated a decrease from 8.21 ± 1.96 to 5.89 ± 1.49. The proportion of patients experiencing excellent response was higher in Group A (36.0%) compared to Group B (19.0%), with a statistically significant difference in overall treatment efficacy (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Topical 5% tranexamic acid was more effective than 20% azelaic acid in improving MASI scores in patients with melasma. This study supports the inclusion of tranexamic acid as a preferable treatment option for melasma, offering a promising alternative for those not responding to conventional therapies.

show abstract

Melasma Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Etiology: An Update Review

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Characteristics of Physiological Skin Changes in Pregnancy in a Public Maternity in Southern Brazil

Characteristics of Physiological Skin Changes in Pregnancy in a Public Maternity in Southern Brazil

Literature Review: The Role of Saffron (Crocus sativus L) in Cosmetic Dermatology

Comparison of Efficacy of 5% Tranexamic Acid vs 20% Azelaic Acid in Patients of Melasma

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About