Melatonin Administration Accelerates Puberty Onset in Mice by Promoting FSH Synthesis

Yang, Chan; Ran, Zaohong; Liu, Guoshi; Hou, Rong; He, Chao; Liu, Qinghua; Chen, Yingjun; Liu, Yuliang; Wang, Xiaodong; Ling, Chuqi; Fang, Fang; Li, Xiang

doi:10.3390/molecules26051474

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…High oxygen consumption makes it better adapted to the cold field environment and matches its nocturnal characteristics ( 72 ). Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone that affects the growth, and reproduction of mammals ( 73 , 74 ). During the night (especially between 11:00 p.m. and 5:00 a.m.), blood melatonin levels increase 3-10 times and the secretion of melatonin peaks ( 75 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior and physiology in female Cricetulus barabensis are associated with the expression of circadian genes

Zhu,

Wu,

Mou

et al. 2024

Front. Endocrinol.

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The circadian clock regulates the behavior, physiology, and metabolism of mammals, and these characteristics, such as sleep-wake cycles, exercise capacity, and hormone levels, exhibit circadian rhythms. Light signaling is the main stimulator of the mammalian circadian system. The photoperiod regulates the reproductive cycle of seasonal breeding animals, and the circadian clock plays a pivotal role in this process. However, the role of the clock in coordinating animal behavior and physiology in response to photoperiodic changes needs further investigation. The present study investigated the changes and correlation of behavioral activities, physiological indicators, and gene expression in female striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) within 24 h under a 12L:12D photoperiod. We found that the daily rhythms of sleep-wake and open field were significant in hamsters. The expression of clock genes, melatonin receptor genes, and genes involved in general metabolism oscillated significantly in central and peripheral tissues (brain, hypothalamus, liver, ovary, and thymus) and was significantly associated with behavior and physiology. Our results revealed that the neuroendocrine system regulated the rhythmicity of behavior and physiology, and central and peripheral clock genes (Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2, Cry1, and Cry2), melatonin receptor genes (MT1, MT2, and GPR50), and metabolizing genes (SIRT1, FGF21, and PPARα) played important roles. Our results suggest that central and peripheral circadian clocks, melatonin receptors, and genes involved in general metabolism may play key roles in maintaining circadian behavior and metabolic homeostasis in striped hamsters. Our results may have important implication for rodent pest control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior and physiology in female Cricetulus barabensis are associated with the expression of circadian genes

Zhu,

Wu,

Mou

et al. 2024

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…And the mRNA levels of GnRH and GnRHr, key genes in GnRH signaling in the hypothalamus that control FSH synthesis, were unchanged. It can be hypothesized that the positive effect of melatonin on FSH synthesis is not mediated by the hypothalamus, but is directly accelerated by acting on the pituitary gland to accelerate the onset of puberty [ 28 ]. Melatonin can cross the blood–brain barrier, so we choose to prolong melatonin receptor sensitivity by slowly absorbing it through subcutaneous injection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By breaking down endocrine barriers, melatonin can accelerate the start of puberty and improve ewes’ reproductive capabilities [ 27 ]. Young female mice were given a substantial dose of melatonin (15 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, which expedited the start of puberty [ 28 ]. However, melatonin implantation before puberty in ewes delayed the onset of puberty by 4 weeks [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous Melatonin Regulates Puberty and the Hypothalamic GnRH-GnIH System in Female Mice

Chen

Shu

et al. 2022

Brain Sciences

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In recent years, the age of children entering puberty is getting lower and the incidence of central precocious puberty is increasing. It is known that melatonin plays an increasingly important role in regulating animal reproduction, but the specific role and mechanism of melatonin in regulating the initiation of puberty remain unclear. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of subcutaneous melatonin injection on pubertal development in female mice and its mechanism of action. Female mice that were 22 days old received 1 mg/kg doses of melatonin subcutaneously every day for 10, 15 and 20 days. The vaginal opening was checked daily. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain was used to determine the growth of the uterus and ovaries. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone (GnIH), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in serum. By using RT-PCR and Western blotting, the mRNA and protein expression of the hypothalamus GnRH, GnIH, Kisspeptin (Kp), Proopiomelanocortin (POMC), Neuropeptide Y (NPY), as well as G protein-coupled receptor 147 (GPR147) were identified. The findings demonstrated that melatonin could suppress ovarian follicle and uterine wall growth as well as delay vaginal opening, decrease serum levels of GnRH and FSH and increase levels of GnIH. Melatonin increased GnIH and GPR147 expression in the hypothalamus in comparison to the saline group, while decreasing the expression of GnRH, Kisspeptin, POMC, and NPY. In conclusion, exogenous melatonin can inhibit the onset of puberty in female mice by modulating the expression of hypothalamic GnRH, GnIH, Kisspeptin, POMC and NPY neurons and suppressing the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis.

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“…The existing body of research suggests that during the chronotype and the circadian timekeeping system change during the puberty, including endogenous rhythm period and sensitivity to environmental time cues ( 49 ). The results of several studies have established that melatonin promotes follicle-stimulating hormone in the pituitary gland and increases serum estrogen levels, thereby accelerating the onset of puberty ( 50 ). Those studies indirectly support a potential role of TIPIN in AAM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Environmental Endocrine Disruptors Associated With the Age at Menarche by Integrating a Transcriptome-Wide Association Study With Chemical-Gene-Interaction Analysis

Feng

Qin

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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Menarche is the first occurrence of menstrual bleeding and one of the most important events of female puberty. Alarmingly, over the last several decades, the mean age at menarche (AAM) has decreased. Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) are chemicals that may interfere with the endocrine system, resulting in adverse developmental, immunological, neurological, and reproductive effects in humans. Thus, the effects of EEDs on fertility and reproduction are growing concerns in modern societies. In this study, we aimed to determine the influence of genetic and environmental factors on AAM. We used data from an AAM genome-wide association study of 329,345 women to conduct a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) with FUSION software. As references, we determined the gene-expression levels in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, uterus, and whole blood. We performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses using the significantly dysregulated genes identified by the TWAS. Using the STRING database, we also generated a protein–protein-interaction network to analyze common AAM-specific genes identified by the TWAS with different tissues. We performed chemical-related gene set enrichment analysis (CGSEA) and identified significant TWAS genes to uncover relationships between different chemicals and AAM. The TWAS identified 9,848 genes; among these, 1580 genes were significant (P < 0.05), and 11 genes were significant among the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary, uterus, and whole blood. CGSEA identified 1,634 chemicals, including 120 chemicals significantly correlated with AAM. In summary, we performed a TWAS (for genetic factors) and CGSEA (for environmental factors) focusing on AAM and identified several AAM-associated genes and EEDs. The results of this study expand our understanding of genetic and environmental factors related to the onset of female puberty.

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Melatonin Administration Accelerates Puberty Onset in Mice by Promoting FSH Synthesis

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Behavior and physiology in female Cricetulus barabensis are associated with the expression of circadian genes

Behavior and physiology in female Cricetulus barabensis are associated with the expression of circadian genes

Exogenous Melatonin Regulates Puberty and the Hypothalamic GnRH-GnIH System in Female Mice

Identifying Environmental Endocrine Disruptors Associated With the Age at Menarche by Integrating a Transcriptome-Wide Association Study With Chemical-Gene-Interaction Analysis

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